Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ (Pusan National University)
  2. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Pusan National University)


๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„, ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€๋ถ„์„, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ, ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ฃผํƒ์ „์„ธ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ
Walkability, Multi-level analysis, State basic districts, Walking environment, Jeonse price

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ

  •   2.1 ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ

  •   2.2 ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„

  •   2.3 ๊ด€๋ จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ

  • 3. ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€

  •   3.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์š”

  •   3.2 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

  •   3.3 ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

  • 4. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

์ž๋™์ฐจ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑท๋Š” ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์–ด ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ํ•˜๋ฃจ 30๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ 5์ผ ์ด์ƒ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด 2005๋…„ 60.7%์—์„œ 2015๋…„ 41.2%๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋น„๋งŒ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ๋„ 31.3%์—์„œ 33.2%๋กœ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋Š˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๋„๋ณด ํ†ตํ•™๋ฅ ์€ 1969๋…„์—์„œ 2001๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด 40.7%์—์„œ 12.9%๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๋น„๋งŒ์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€(LaFontaine, 2008)๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Lee et al., 2008), ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋„ ์ ์ฐจ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฑท๊ธฐํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ฆ์ง„์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์š” ์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(Choi et al., 2016).

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ ๋„๋ณด์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฃผํƒ ๊ตฌ์ž…์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ๋˜๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋„๋ณด์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ฃผํƒ๊ตฌ์ž…์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์™€ ๋ถ„์–‘๋ฅ  ๋“ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์™€ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด, ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Cortright, 2009; Pivo and Fisher, 2011), ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์™€ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Boyle et al., 2013). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2015๋…„ ์„œ์šธ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฑ… ์ง€ํ‘œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค(์„œ์šธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›, 2016). ์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™” ๋„์‹œ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์—๋งŒ ์น˜์ค‘ํ•œ ํƒ“์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ํ–‡์ˆ˜(Evans, 1973; Richardson et al., 1974; Archer et al., 1996), ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๊ณผ ์นจ์‹ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜, ์ง€์—ญ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค(Can, 1992). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒยท์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์†Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํŽธ์˜์™€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผํƒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋” ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค(Graves and Linneman, 1979). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํŽธ์˜์™€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฐœ์ƒ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ๋“ฑ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์•„์ง ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ฑท๊ธฐํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฃผํƒ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋ฐ ๋‹จ์ง€ํŠน์„ฑ ์š”์ธ์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์ด ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผํƒ์ด ์ž…์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹ค์ธต์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋™์งˆ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ชจ๋“  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์—ญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ์ฃผํƒ์ด ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ง€์—ญํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์ธต์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”ํŠน์„ฑ ์š”์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•ยท๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์š”์ธ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค์ธต์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€๋ถ„์„(Multi-level Analysis)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์ฃผํƒ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ

2.1 ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ „์‚ฐํ™”๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ปค์„œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์˜ ํ†ต์ผ๋œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kang and Kang, 2013). ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ๊ตฌํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Ministry of the Interior and Safety, 2013). ์•„์ง ์ œ๋„๋„์ž…์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ–‰์ •์๋ฉด๋™ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์งˆ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(๏ฝข๋„๋กœ๋ช…์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ ์ œ8์กฐ์˜3). ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ(United States Census Bureau)์—์„œ 10๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ์Šค์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ตฌํš๋‹จ์œ„์ธ ๋ธ”๋ก์ด๋‚˜ ์„ผ์„œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ž™๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์‚ฐํ•˜์˜ ๊ต์œก, ์„ ๊ฑฐ, ๋„์‹œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ Blocks์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ณตํ‘œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ„๊ณ„์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Frada and Clyde, 2008).

2.2 ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„

๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„(walkability)๋ž€ ๊ฑท๊ธฐํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์นœํ™”์ ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ •๋„์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์™€ ๋‰ด์š•์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ Walkshed์™€ Jesse Kocher์™€ Matt Lerner๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ WalkScore, ๋ด๋ฒ„์‹œ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ Walkscope๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Shelton (2008)๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋„์‹œ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Rattan et al. (2012)๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋™์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ธ ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณผ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋™ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ง€์—ญ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒ™๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ด์™€ ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์˜ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2.3 ๊ด€๋ จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ

๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๋‹ค. Seoul Development Institute (1998)์€ ์ œ1์ฐจ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Korea Land Housing Corporation (2002)๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค.

KRIHS (2006)์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ง€์—ญ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Park et al. (2007)๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์›์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Ji et al. (2008)์™€ Kim (2009)๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ตญ์™ธ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋„ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ฐจ์›์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™๋„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Cervero et al. (1997), Srinivasan (2002)๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ(ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ๋“ฑ)๊ณผ ๊ฑท๊ธฐํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Saelens et al. (2003), Giles-Corti et al. (2006)๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ธ์ž์˜ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์  ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Ackerson (2005)๋Š” GIS ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Clifton et al. (2007)๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์‹œ์„ค, ๋„๋กœ์†์„ฑ, ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ๋ฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 31๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ US Green Building Council (2012)์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Gallimore et al. (2011)๋Š” Day et al. (2005)์˜ Irvine Minnesota Inventory for observation of physical environment features linked to physical activity์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์™€ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ณดํ†ตํ•™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์™€ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, Gilderbloom et al. (2015)๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ผ„ํ„ฐํ‚ค์ฃผ ๋ฃจ์ด๋นŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„, ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ, ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์™€ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. Cortright (2009)๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 15๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ 90,000๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์™€ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์™€ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„๊ฐ€ 1์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์•ฝ 700~3,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์™€ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ, ๋ชจ๋“  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ธต์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์™œ๊ณก์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ง€์—ญํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์ธต์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”ํŠน์„ฑ ์š”์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 1. Walkability Checklist in Residential Zones* Table_KSCE_37_05_13_T1.jpg

3. ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€

3.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์š”

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•ยท๋‹จ์ง€์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์š”์ธ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์ฃผํƒ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2016๋…„ 9์›”์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ์ „์›”์„ธ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 1832๊ฐœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€, 554๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฑด์ถ•ยท๋‹จ์ง€์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์š”์ธ์€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์ผ์‚ฌํŽธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ •๋ณด์กฐํšŒ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ114, ํ˜„์žฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

๋ณธ ๋ถ„์„์— ์•ž์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์€ Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ „์„ธ ์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „์›”์„ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ํ†ต์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผํƒ์ž„๋Œ€์ฐจ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2016๋…„ 9์›” 4.8%(ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ •์›)์˜ ์ „์›”์„ธ์ „ํ™˜๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์›”์„ธ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ „์„ธ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 2. Summary of Dependent and Independent Variables Table_KSCE_37_05_13_T2.jpg

๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ๊ด€๋ จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ค์ •์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 2015๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์ž…๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ฃผํƒํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ง€์—ญํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ฃผํƒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ธต์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์™œ๊ณก์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‹ค์ธต์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ธก์ •์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค(Cronbach, 1963; Heyns, 1986; Raudenbush and Bryk, 1986).

์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ์ง€์—ญ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€์ธ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผํƒ์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ฃผํƒ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์— ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€์—ญํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์™œ๊ณก๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‹ค์ธต์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, SAS 9.4๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€๋ถ„์„๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŽธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์šฐ๋„์ถ”์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Hox, 1998).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€๋ถ„์„(Multi-level Analysis)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Level 1์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ•ด๋‹น์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•ยท๋‹จ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋Œ€์ˆ˜, ์ธต์ˆ˜, ์ „์šฉ๋ฉด์ , ๋ณต๋„์œ ํ˜•, ๊ฑด์„คํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€๋„(๋„๊ธ‰์ˆœ์œ„ 100์œ„), ์šฉ์ ๋ฅ , ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ–‡์ˆ˜, ํ–ฅ, ์กฐ๋ง, ์„ธ๋Œ€๋‹น์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ(Choi et al., 2003)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์‹, ์ฃผํƒ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผํƒํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์œ„๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. Walkability analysis of Busanโ€™s urban residential zones (Choi et al., 2016)์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ Walkability checklist๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ Level 2์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€์ธ์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ๋ณด๋„ํ‘œ๋ฉดํฌ์žฅ, ์ „์ฒด์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ์‡ผํ•‘์„ผํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์žฅ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„, ์ง€์—ญํ™๋ณด๊ฐ„ํŒ, ์šด๋™์žฅ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„, ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„, ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ขŒ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€, ํšก๋‹จ๋ณด๋„ ์ด์šฉ์‹œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋Š”๊ฐ€, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ”์ฐฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ์œ„ํ—˜์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œ์„ค(Choi et al., 2016)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ฃผํƒ์€ 1,832๊ฐœ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” 554๊ฐœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์€ Table 3์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ Level 1์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์ผ์‚ฌํŽธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ •๋ณด์กฐํšŒ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ114 ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Level 2์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” Choi et al. (2016)์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜„์žฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 3. Descriptive Statistics of Variables Table_KSCE_37_05_13_T3.jpg

3.3 ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ(complexity)์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ธก์น˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ž„์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชจ๋ธ(Model 1)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋งŒ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „์ฒด ๋ณ€์ด์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃผํƒํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋จผ์ € Model 2์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•ยท๋‹จ์ง€ํŠน์„ฑ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜(์„ธ๋Œ€์ˆ˜, ์ธต์ˆ˜, ์ „์šฉ๋ฉด์ , ๋ณต๋„์œ ํ˜•, ๊ฑด์„คํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€๋„, ์šฉ์ ๋ฅ , ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ–‡์ˆ˜, ํ–ฅ, ์กฐ๋ง, ์„ธ๋Œ€๋‹น์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , Model 3์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•ยท๋‹จ์ง€ํŠน์„ฑ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ž„์˜์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ๋ณด๋„ํ‘œ๋ฉดํฌ์žฅ, ์ „์ฒด์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ์‡ผํ•‘์„ผํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์žฅ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„, ์ง€์—ญํ™๋ณด๊ฐ„ํŒ, ์šด๋™์žฅ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„, ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„, ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ขŒ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€, ํšก๋‹จ๋ณด๋„ ์ด์šฉ์‹œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋Š”๊ฐ€, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ”์ฐฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ์œ„ํ—˜์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œ์„ค)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ Model 4์— ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ AIC (Akaike information criterion) ๋ฐ BIC (Bayesian information criterion)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜(ICC: Intra-class correlation)๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค:

PIC9D25.gif           (1)

PIC9D36.gif: ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ž”์ฐจ๋ถ„์‚ฐ, PIC9D66.gif: 1-level์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ„ ์ž”์ฐจ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ

ICC๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ„ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 0.7 ์ด์ƒ์„ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค(Bliese, 2000).

4. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„

์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ„ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ„ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋ฌด์ œ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ฃผํƒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ๋‹ค.

๋ฌด์ œ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋ธ(Model 1)์€ ์ ˆํŽธ๋งŒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž”์ฐจ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ๊ณง ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ฃผํƒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ž”์ฐจ์˜ค์ฐจ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์€ 19580์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ž”์ฐจ์˜ค์ฐจ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์€ 66622๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Table 4). ICC ๊ฐ’์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Level-2 ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ธ 66622์€ ์ „์ฒด๋ถ„์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 77%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์•ฝ 77%๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๊ณ , ์•ฝ 23%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ–ฅ์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ตœ์  ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ Akaike์˜ AIC์™€ BIC๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ AIC์™€ BIC ๊ฐ’์ด ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ๋‚˜๊ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธ ํ›„, ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 4. Estimates from Two-level Models Predicting House Rental Fees (N = 1832) Table_KSCE_37_05_13_T4.jpg

*p<.05 **p<.01 ***p<.001; ICC=.77

Table 4. Estimates from Two-level Models Predicting House Rental Fees (N = 1832) (Continued) Table_KSCE_37_05_13_T4_1.jpg

*p<.05 **p<.01 ***p<.001; ICC=.77

Model 1์— Level-1์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 4์˜ Model 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. AIC์™€ BIC๋Š” 23798.4์™€ 23850.4๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ Model 1 ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ 95% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ โ€˜์ธต์ˆ˜โ€™, โ€˜ํ–ฅโ€™, โ€˜์„ธ๋Œ€๋‹น์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅโ€™ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ „์šฉ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ–‡์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

์•ž์„  Model 2์˜ ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ Model 3์—์„œ ์ž„์˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค(Table 4). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ณผ์ •์€ level-1์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž„์˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž„์˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด level-2 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด level-1์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃผํƒํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. level-2์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ณต๋„์œ ํ˜•์€ 7516.29, ๊ฑด์„คํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€๋„๋Š” 26178, ์šฉ์ ๋ฅ ์€ 0.01, ์กฐ๋ง์€ 11746๋งŒํผ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ตœ์ข…๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ Model 4 (Table 4)์—์„œ level-2์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ model 3์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด AIC์™€ BIC๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

level-1์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 10๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 5๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ 95% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ „์šฉ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ–‡์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๋Œ€์ˆ˜, ์ „์šฉ๋ฉด์ , ๊ฑด์„คํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€๋„๋Š” ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค.

์„ธ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒํ‰๋‹น๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์•ฝ 0.02 ๋งŒ์› ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ˜•๋‹จ์ง€ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ธ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐฑํ™”์ ยท๋Œ€ํ˜•๋งˆํŠธ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ž…์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์ƒ์Šน ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „์šฉ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ‰๋‹น๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์•ฝ 0.98 ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฃผํƒ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ์†Œํ˜• ํ‰ํ˜•์ด ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์„คํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ธ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํ‰๋‹น๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์•ฝ 29.07๋งŒ์› ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ„์น˜๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ ์ธ์ง€๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋นš์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๋„ค์— ์ง€์€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์šฉ์ ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ํ‰๋‹น๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์•ฝ 0.09๋งŒ์› ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋งค๋งค๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฉ์ ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํƒ๋งค๋งค๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ „์„ธ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์ด ์ค€๊ณต ํ›„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

level-2์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 11๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 95% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ, ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „, ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์•ˆ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์•ˆ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋จผ์ €, ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ณด๋„ํ‘œ๋ฉดํฌ์žฅ(PLE1)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ 1 ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ํ‰๋‹น์ „์„ธ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ถ„์ด ์•ฝ 35.12 ๋งŒ์› ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ, ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๋งค๋ ฅ๋„(PLE2), ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(PLE3), ์‡ผํ•‘์„ผํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์žฅ์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„(PLE4), ์ง€์—ญํ™๋ณด๊ฐ„ํŒ(PLE5), ์šด๋™์žฅ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„(PLE6), ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋งค๋ ฅ๋„(PLE7)์˜ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—์„œ 1 ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์•ฝ 24๋งŒ์›, ์•ฝ 29๋งŒ์›, ์•ฝ 15๋งŒ์›, ์•ฝ 34๋งŒ์›, ์•ฝ 21 ๋งŒ์›, ์•ฝ 19๋งŒ์› ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ–‰์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ๋œ ๋ณด๋„๋ธ”๋ก์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์™€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ™๋ณด๊ฐ„ํŒ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋ณดํ–‰์ธ๊ตฌ ์œ ์ž…์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ผํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์žฅ์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ƒํ™œ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด์— ์‹œ์žฅ, ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ , ์‡ผํ•‘์„ผํ„ฐ, ๊ด‘์žฅ ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์„ค์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ „์„ธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ถˆํŽธ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ขŒ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋Š” ์ •๋„(TRA1)์™€ ํšก๋‹จ๋ณด๋„ ์ด์šฉ ์‹œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋Š”์ง€(TRA2)์—์„œ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ 1 ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ํ‰๋‹น์ „์„ธ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ถ„์ด ์•ฝ 23.72 ๋งŒ์›, ์•ฝ 16.52 ๋งŒ์› ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ ๋•Œ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ํšก๋‹จ๋ณด๋„ ์ด์šฉ ์‹œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํ•ด๋‹น์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ†ต๊ณผ๊ตํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ตํ†ต์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ƒ์Šน์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ”์ฐฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ(CRI1)๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œ์„ค(CRI2)์—์„œ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ 1 ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ํ‰๋‹น์ „์„ธ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ถ„์ด ์•ฝ 24.47 ๋งŒ์›, ์•ฝ 29.24 ๋งŒ์› ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ”์ฐฝ ๋ฌด์„ค์น˜์™€ ์œ„ํ—˜์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œ์„ค(์ˆ ์ง‘, ๋ฌด๋„ํšŒ์žฅ, ์ „๋‹นํฌ, ์„ฑ์ธ์ƒ์ )์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์ถ•๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ”์ฐฝ ์„ค์น˜์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ„ํ—˜์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œ์„ค์ด ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฉด์ ยทํ–ฅยท์ธตยท์†Œ์Œยท์กฐ๋ง ๋“ฑ์ธ๋ฐ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์š”์ธ๋„ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์–‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ถ„์–‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์œจํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฑด์„คํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํš์ผ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŠนํ™”ํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผํƒ์ด ์ž…์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹ค์ธต์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋™์งˆ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์—ญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ์ฃผํƒ์ด ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฃผํƒ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•ยท๋‹จ์ง€ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์š”์ธ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ด๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๋ฌด์ œ์•ฝ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์•ฝ 77%๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๊ณ , 23%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๋ จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ๋”์šฑ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์ „์„ธ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์ „์„ธ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ๋“์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ ์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์—ญ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ž„์ฐจ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋” ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค๋งค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์‹œ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ „์„ธ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์ธต์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์š”์ธ ์™ธ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™” ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ ์ฃผํƒ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€์Œ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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