Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. *์ธ์ฒœ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๋ถ€๊ต์ˆ˜, ๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ (*Incheon National University)


2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•, Cellular automata, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜, ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”
Two-lane highway, Vehicle model, Cellular automata, Unstable state, Realistic overtaking

  • 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

  • 2. ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

  • 3. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

  •   3.1 ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

  •   3.2 ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

  • 4. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€

  •   4.1 ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„

  •   4.2 ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€

  •   4.3 ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ

1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตญ๋„, ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋„(๊ตญ์ง€๋„ ํฌํ•จ), ๊ตฐ๋„์˜ ํฌ์žฅ๋„ ์ด์—ฐ์žฅ(km, 2009๋…„ 12์›” ๊ธฐ์ค€)์€ 42,609๋กœ์„œ ์ด์ค‘ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋„๋กœ(์ดํ•˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ)๋Š” 34,254๋กœ์„œ ์•ฝ 80.4%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ TWOPAS (TWO-lane PASsing)์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ์„œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ง„ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๋‹น๋ฉด๊ณผ์ œ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋‹จ์†๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ Corsim, Vissim, Paramics ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”์„ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐ์  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ•˜๋Š” Cellular Automata(์ดํ•˜ CA)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜(Yoon, 2011), ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”์„ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ถ”์›”์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐ€๋„(์•ฝ0.3)์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ชจํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›” ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” CA์ด๋ก ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์€ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ CA๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๋Š” TWOPAS (TWO-lane PASsing), TRARR(TRAffic on Rural Roads), SOVT(Simulation Of Vehicle Traffic) ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, TWOPAS์™€ TRARR๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ MRI(Midwest Research Institute)์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ TWOPAS์˜ ์ „์‹ ์€ TWOWAF (TWO WAy Flow)์ด๋‹ค. TWOWAF๋Š” NCHRP Report 185์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(May et al., 1986)์—์„œ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋œ ์ดํ›„, TTI(Texas Transportation Institute)์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ TWOPAS๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ TRARR์€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๋„๋กœ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ(ARRB, Australian Road Research Board)์—์„œ ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

TWOPAS๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„๋กœ/๊ตํ†ต ํŠน์„ฑ(๋„๋กœ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์ฐจ๋กœํญ, ์•ž์ง€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ๊ฑฐ, ์•ž์ง€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋กœ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด, ๊ตํ†ต ํ†ต์ œ, ์šด์ „์ž ํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ตํ†ตํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ)์„ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, TRARR๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, TRARR์€ โ‘ TWOPAS๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, โ‘ก๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ‘ข์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์—๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, TWOPAS๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก (์ž…๋ ฅ) ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ TWOPAS K1๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜(Lee et al., 1993), ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ Yoon(2011)์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ •๋„๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

CA ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ 1990๋…„ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— NaSch๋ชจํ˜•(Nagel and Schereckenberg, 1992)์ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ์ดํ›„, PIC5363.gif๋ชจํ˜•(Takayasu and Takayasu, 1993), BJM ๋ชจํ˜•(Benjamin et al., 1996), Krauss๋ชจํ˜•(Krauss, 1997), ๊ธฐ์กด NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ VDR(Velocity Depending Randomization)๋ชจํ˜•(Schadschneider and Schrec-kenberg, 1997), MRO(Multi Regime Oriented) ๋ชจํ˜•(Chang et al., 2005) ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ MRO๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์žฅ๋ž˜ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ถ„์„์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Chang et al., 2008).

CA ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํญ๋„“์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•(Rickert et al., 1996; Wagner et al., 1997)์ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋‹ค์ฐจ๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์€ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ•์••์  ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, Yoon(2009)๋Š” ์—ฐ์†๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐฉ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋กœ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•์€ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”์—๋Š” ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๋ถ€์žฌํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ CA์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ „๊ตญ ๋„๋กœ๋ง์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์š”์†Œ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

3. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.1 ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

NaSch๋ชจํ˜•(Nagel and Schereckenberg, 1992)์„ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ CA ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ Framework๋Š” โ‘ ์ „๋ฐฉ Gap ํƒ์ƒ‰, โ‘ก(ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์†๋„๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ)์†๋„๊ฐฑ์‹ , โ‘ข์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋™์˜ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ด์‚ฐ์  ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„(t)์—์„œ ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ›„ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„ ์ ์œ ๋œ ์ด์‚ฐ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ธ ์…€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฐฉ gap(PIC550A.gif, ์…€)๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„(PIC551B.gif, ์…€/์ดˆ)์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด PIC553B.gif์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†๋„์ด์ƒ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Yoon(2011)์€ ๊ธฐ์กด CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข… ์ฃผํ–‰ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ โ‘ ์ „๋ฐฉ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ expanded gap(PIC554C.gif)์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •, โ‘ก(ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์†๋„๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ)์†๋„๊ฐฑ์‹ , โ‘ข์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋™์˜ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ„๋žตํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

3.1.1 Expanded gap(PIC555C.gif) ์‚ฐ์ •

PIC5609.gif   (1)

PIC56C6.gif  : ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC56D6.gif)์—์„œ ์ถ”์ข…์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„ ์ ์œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„(์…€)

PIC5706.gif : ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(PIC5717.gif)์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„(t)์—์„œ ์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC5718.gif : ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(PIC5729.gif)์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„(t)์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐฉ gap(์…€)

PIC5749.gif : ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(PIC574A.gif)์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

3.1.2 ์†๋„ ๊ฐฑ์‹  with randomization

If PIC576A.gif then

PIC5807.gif     (2)

Else

PIC5885.gif             (3)

PIC5896.gif  : ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC58A7.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC58C7.gif : ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC58E7.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC58F8.gif : ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC5908.gif  : ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„์  ๊ฐ์†ํ™•๋ฅ (0.0~1.0)

PIC5909.gif   : ๋‚œ์ˆ˜๊ฐ’(0.0~1.0)

3.1.3 ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋™

PIC5949.gif                       (4)

PIC5959.gif  : ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC596A.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์œ„์น˜

PIC59AA.gif : ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC59CA.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์œ„์น˜

3.2 ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ›„๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋Œ€ํ–ฅ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์›”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, Fig. 1์€ CA์˜ ์ด์‚ฐ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ์ถ”์›”๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋„์‹ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰) ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์€ โ‘ ์ขŒ์ธก์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ์˜ ์ขŒ์ธก์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ โ‘ก์ถ”์›” ํ›„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฐ์ธก์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์€ โ‘ ์ขŒ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ โ‘ก์šฐ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŽธ์˜์ƒ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ(EB)๊ณผ ์„œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ(WB)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, EB ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ถ”์›”์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.

PIC5A19.gif

Fig. 1. Discrete Structure of Road Space and Overtaking Path

3.2.1 ์ขŒ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•

์ขŒ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋‹ค์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”(travel time optimization)์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ขŒ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ›„ ์ „๋ฐฉ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ขŒ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” โ‘ ์ขŒ์ธก์ฐจ๋กœ ์ „๋ฐฉ์— ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ‘ก์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋กœ์—์„œ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์›”ํ•œ ํ›„ ์›๋ž˜ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ง„์ž…๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ์ขŒ์ธก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ 5๊ฐœ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์ฆ‰, โ‘ ๋™๊ธฐ์กฐ๊ฑด, โ‘ก์ธก๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด, โ‘ข์ „๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด, โ‘ฃ์ธก์ „๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด, โ‘คํ™•๋ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ๊ฑด โ‘ก, โ‘ข, โ‘ฃ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „์กฐ๊ฑด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค.

โ‘ ๋™๊ธฐ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ๋ฐ ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ)์ด๋ฉด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „์ž๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์˜ ํ›„๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

โ‘ก์ธก๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋ชจํ˜•์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ขŒ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ์˜ ์ธ์ ‘ ์…€์ด ์ ์œ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

โ‘ข์ „๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋กœ์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ (๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์ƒํƒœ) ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ถ”์›”ํ›„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋กœ์—์„œ ์ถœ์›”์ค‘์ธ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ˆœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ถ”์›”์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ˆœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋กœ์ƒ์— ์กด์žฌ์œ ๋ฌด๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ชจํ˜•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถ”์›”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ถ”์›”๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(PIC5A69.gif, ์…€)์™€ ์ถ”์›”๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ถ”์›”์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC5A89.gif, ์ดˆ) ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฃผํ–‰๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ถ”์›” ์ค‘ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ „๋ฐฉ์ƒํƒœ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(PIC5A9A.gif, ์…€)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”์›”์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ถ”์›”๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(PIC5C7F.gif)๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€(t)์—์„œ ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(PIC5C90.gif)์˜ ์œ„์น˜(PIC5C91.gif)์™€ ์ถ”์ข…์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์œ„์น˜(PIC5CA2.gif)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Eq.(5)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ o๋Š” ์ถ”์›”(overtaking)์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

PIC5A58.gif

Fig. 2. Overtaking Space and Front State Distance

PIC5CD1.gif, PIC5CE2.gif                (5)

์ถ”์›”์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC5D02.gif, ์ดˆ)์€ ์ถ”์›”๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(PIC5D13.gif), ์ถ”์›”์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€(t)์—์„œ ์†๋„(PIC5D43.gif), ์ถ”์›” ๊ฐ€์†๋„(PIC5D63.gif, ์…€/์ดˆ), ์ถ”์›” ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(PIC5DB2.gif), ์„ ํ–‰(PIC5DB3.gif) ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(PIC5DC4.gif)์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(PIC5DE4.gif, ์…€/์ดˆ)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, Eq.(6)์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์›”์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC5E04.gif) ์ค‘ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. ์ถ”์›”์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„ ์ถ”์›”์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋‹ค.

PIC5EE0.gif    (6)

์ „๋ฐฉ์ƒํƒœ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(PIC5EF1.gif, ์…€)๋Š” ์ถ”์›”์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€(t)์—์„œ ์ถ”์›”์†๋„(PIC5F11.gif)์™€ ์ถ”์›”์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC5F31.gif), ์ถ”์›” ๊ฐ€์†๋„(PIC5F51.gif), ์ถ”์›” ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(PIC5F81.gif), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(PIC5FA2.gif)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Eq.(7)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”์›”์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ถ”์›”์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(์…€)์™€ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

PIC60EB.gif   (7)

Yoon(2011)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ โ“์ „๋ฐฉ์ƒํƒœ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(PIC60FB.gif)๋‚ด์— ์ถ”์›”์ค‘ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์กด์žฌ์™€ โ“‘PIC610C.gif ๋‚ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜(PIC610D.gif)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Eq.(8)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ ์ „๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„(PIC611E.gif, 0~1.0)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

PIC613E.gif                          (8)

์ „๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑดโ“๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑดโ“‘๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„(PIC613F.gif)๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ „๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ฐ’(PIC615F.gif,PIC618F.gifPIC61FD.gif)์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ PIC622D.gif์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„ ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฆ‰, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ˜ผ์žก์˜ ํ›„๋ฏธ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ „๋ฐฉ๋ฐ€๋„์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์›”์ค‘์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•ด๋‹น์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋ฐฉ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 3์€ ๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„(PIC62AC.gif)=0.4, ์„œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋ฐ€๋„(PIC62BD.gif)=0.01, ์ค‘์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋น„ 5% ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ WB ์ฐจ๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ถค์  ์‹œ๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(EB ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰)์˜ ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ†˜, WB ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(์ฒญ์ƒ‰)์˜ ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ†™). ์œ„์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์šฐ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด EB ์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  WB ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋น„์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, EB ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œ ํ›„ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‹œ ๋น„ํ˜ผ์žก ์ƒํƒœ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ถ”์›”์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

PIC629C.gif

Fig. 3. Failure of Overtaking Under Unstable Traffic State

์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „์ž ๋“ค์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ ๋น„์ ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ถ”์›”์ค‘์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฐฉ๋ฐ€๋„(PIC62DD.gif)๋ฅผ Eq.(9)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. PIC62EE.gif๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์›”์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์šด์ „์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ ๊ณต๊ฐ„(์•ฝ 50mโ‰’8์…€)์ด๋ฉฐ, ์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์›”์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ(PIC630E.gif)์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ฆ‰, ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC635D.gif)์—์„œ ์ถ”์›”์ค‘์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ „๋ฐฉ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.  

PIC640A.gif                      (9)

PIC6469.gif : ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(PIC64A8.gif)์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ์˜ ์šด์ „์ž ์ธ์‹ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(์…€)

PIC64F7.gif : PIC6508.gif๋‚ด์— ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋Œ€์ˆ˜

PIC6547.gif : ์ถ”์›”์ค‘ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋Œ€์ˆ˜

โ‘ฃ์ธก์ „๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋กœ์ƒ์— ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ „๋ฐฉ์ƒํƒœ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ขŒ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

โ‘คํ™•๋ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ถ”์›” ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ™•๋ฅ (PIC6568.gif, 0.0~ 1.0)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๊ฐ’(0~1.0)์ด ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. PIC6588.gif์€ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์›”์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ถ”์›”๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.2.2 ์šฐ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•

์šฐ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋กœ์—์„œ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์›”ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šฐ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋กœ์—์„œ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ•์••์  ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์šฐ์ธก ์ฐจ๋กœ์˜ ์…€์ด ๋น„์ ์œ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ›„ ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰-ํ•ด๋‹น์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰, ํ•ด๋‹น์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰-ํ›„๋ฏธ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(gap)๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถ”์ข…์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ gap(PIC6599.gif)๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์† ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€

4.1 ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ์›ํ˜• ๋งํฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ(Yoon, 2011) ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์…€ ๊ธธ์ด 6m, ๋งํฌ๊ธธ์ด(60,000m = ์…€ 10,000๊ฐœ)์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํ‰์ง€ ์ง์„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ถ”์›”์‹œ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณด๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.2 ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€

์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(PIC65B9.gif)์™€ ๊ฐ์†ํ™•๋ฅ ๊ฐ’(PIC65C9.gif)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„(PIC65EA.gifPIC6629.gif) ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐฉ์˜ ์œ ํšจ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC663A.gif)์ด PIC664A.gif๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„๋Š” PIC666B.gif์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค(Chang et al., 2004). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„(PIC666C.gif) ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„์ธ ์ž์œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์†๋„(PIC668C.gif, kph)๋Š” ์…€ ๊ธธ์ด(PIC668D.gif), PIC66AD.gif, PIC66BE.gif์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ (9)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค(Chang et al. 2005). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ์žก๋ฐ€๋„(PIC66BF.gif)์— ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ํ˜ผ์žก๊ณผ PIC66DF.gif๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ PIC66F0.gif์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์Œ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค(Chang et al., 2004).

PIC679D.gif   (10)

๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. PIC67BD.gif=2, 3๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„ 30~40kph, ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ œํ•œ์†๋„ 60kph๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. PIC67CD.gif์€ 0.01~0.5๊นŒ์ง€ 0.01๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ 50๊ฐœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” PIC67EE.gif์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Noise์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Noise ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ƒ์‹ค์€ ์ •์ง€์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€์†์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค(Chang et al., 2005). ๋งํฌ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„(PIC67EF.gif)๋Š” 0.01~0.99๊นŒ์ง€ 0.01๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ 99๊ฐœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋Š” 9,900 (2ร—50ร—99)๊ฐœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 3,600์ดˆ ์ด๋‹ค.

CA ์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ฌ ํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 4์™€ 5๋Š” PIC680F.gif=2, 3์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ PIC684E.gif์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„[๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ€๋„(PIC684F.gif), ์†๋„-๋ฐ€๋„(PIC6860.gif)] ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. PIC6861.gif์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์†๋„(PIC6881.gif, kph), ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. PIC6882.gif์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„(PIC6893.gif)๋Š” PIC68E2.gif์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” PIC68E3.gif์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ 0์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” gap์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. PIC68F4.gif๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ข…ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PIC6904.gif์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ PIC6953.gif, PIC6954.gif, PIC6965.gif๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค.

2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค(stop-and-go) ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 6์€ PIC6966.gif์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค(stop-and-go) ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ PIC69D4.gif=0.3, 0.5๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ†˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ˜ผ์žก์€ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋ถ€์  ํ˜ผ์žก์€ ์ผ์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ดํ›„ wide-moving jam์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ํ˜ผ์žก๊ณผ ๋น„ํ˜ผ์žก ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์–‘๋ถ„ํ™”๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 7์€ PIC6AE1.gif=0.15, PIC6AF2.gif=0.01, ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋น„(PIC6B41.gif, 0.0~1.0)=0.05์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์›”๊ธˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ›„๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์€ (๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ) ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ์ •๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ „ํŒŒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”์›”์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์˜ (๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ) ํ˜ผ์žก์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC6BEE.gif

Fig. 4. Traffic Flow Relationships With PIC6BFE.gif=2

PIC6C7C.gif

Fig. 5. Traffic Flow Relationships With PIC6CBC.gif=3

PIC6A62.gif

Fig. 6. Stop-and-go Traffic Flow

PIC6AD0.gif

Fig. 7. Behaviors of Vehicle Platoon

4.3 ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€

์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜• ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ [PIC6CCC.gif, PIC6CDD.gif]์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ [3, 0.22], [2, 0.15]๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [PIC6CEE.gif, PIC6CFE.gif]๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ [60, 1,800], [40, 1,650]์ด๋‹ค. ์ถ”์›”์ค‘ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, PIC6D0F.gif=4, PIC6D20.gifโ‰ˆ0.19๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”์›”์‹œ ํ‰๊ท  ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 82.1์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋น„๋Š” 5%๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 0.0~0.6๊นŒ์ง€ 0.1๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ 6๊ฐœ, ์„œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 0.0~0.3๊นŒ์ง€ 0.05๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ 7๊ฐœ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ”์›” ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ™•๋ฅ (PIC6D30.gif)๋Š” 8๊ฐœ[0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” 336๊ฐœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 7,200์ดˆ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 8๊ณผ 9๋Š” ๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„(PIC6EE9.gif)์™€ ์„œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„(PIC6EEA.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ถค์ (๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ†˜, ์„œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ†™)์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„(PIC6F1A.gif)์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ PIC6F2A.gif=3, PIC6F3B.gifโ‰ˆ0.22์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์€ PIC6F3C.gif=0.3์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊นŒ์ง€ Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”์›”์‹คํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ PIC6F4C.gif>0.3์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜ผ์žก๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ถ”์›”์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ถ”์›”์‹คํŒจ ๋ฐ ํ˜ผ์žก์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋น„ ์ถ”์›”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC6E3B.gif

Fig. 8. Time-Space Trajectory: Stable State

PIC6ED8.gif

Fig. 9. Time-Space Trajectory: Unstable State

Fig. 10~13์€ PIC70EC.gif=[0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0]๋ณ„ PIC70ED.gif=[0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3]์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ PIC70FD.gif๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, PIC711E.gif์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜ผ์žก ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, PIC713E.gif=0.0์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฆ‰, ์ฐจ๋กœ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ PIC713F.gifโ‰ˆ1620๋Œ€/์‹œ, PIC714F.gifโ‰ˆ0.31๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. PIC7160.gif๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ถ”์›”๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ PIC7180.gif0.15์ด๊ณ  PIC71A1.gif0.3์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ”์›”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” PIC71C1.gif0.3์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Fig. 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜ผ์žก๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”์›”์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”์›”์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ, PIC71D1.gif0.15์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น„์ ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ 34m(5.67์…€โ‰ˆ1,000 /6.0* 0.15-1)๋กœ์„œ ์ขŒ์ธก๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ PIC7201.gif=1.0,PIC7231.gif=0.0์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ฝ 1,720์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ธ 1,800์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด 5%์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ณ  ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ 1,650์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด PIC7251.gif=0.0์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1,620๋Œ€/์‹œ์—์„œ ์ถ”์›”์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์€ 200๋Œ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€ํ•ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ PIC7272.gif์ด๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฐฉํ–ฅ PIC7292.gif ์ฆ‰, ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด๋‹น 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ถ”์›”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ฆ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ”์›”์˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” PIC72B2.gif์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€ํ•ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ PIC72D2.gif์ด๊ณ  PIC72F3.gif์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ PIC7313.gif์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์ƒ์‹ค๋œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ PIC73C0.gif์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ƒ์‹ค๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฐ€๋„์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ถ”์›”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์†Œํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค.

PIC6FCA.gif

Fig. 10. EB PIC7048.gif Relationship According to PIC7059.gif: PIC706A.gif=0.0

PIC709A.gif

Fig. 11. EB PIC70AA.gif Relationship According to PIC70BB.gif: PIC70CB.gif=0.3

Fig. 14์™€ 15๋Š” PIC7690.gif์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ PIC76A1.gif๊ณผ PIC76B1.gif์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ diff๋Š” [PIC76C2.gif=1.0์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ - PIC76F2.gif=0.0์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜]์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•จ). ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ PIC7702.gif๋Š” PIC7732.gif์—์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์›”์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ฝ 205๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”์›”์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์†๋„์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ๋‹ค. PIC7743.gif์—์„œ ๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์†๋„๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ 40.5km/์‹œ์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 52.9km/์‹œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” PIC7753.gif์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์›”๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

PIC742E.gif

Fig. 12. EB PIC743F.gif Relationship According to PIC744F.gif: PIC7470.gif=0.5

PIC74AF.gif

Fig. 13. EB PIC74C0.gif Relationship According to PIC74D0.gif: PIC74E1.gif=1.0

PIC757E.gif

Fig. 14. EB PIC757F.gif Relationship According to PIC75A0.gif: PIC75A1.gif=0.05

PIC764D.gif

Fig. 15. EB PIC764E.gif Relationship According to PIC766F.gif: PIC767F.gif=0.05

5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„œ๋‘์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  2์ฐจ๋กœ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–‘๋ฑกํ–ฅ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•[์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…+์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•]์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ฒซ์งธ, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง์˜ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์€ CA๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ CA์ด๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง์˜ ์ ์šฉ์— ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC7774.gif)์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ PIC7794.gif๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜(PIC77A5.gif, PIC77A6.gif) ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ž์œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์†๋„(PIC77C6.gif)๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์…‹์งธ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(PIC77E6.gif)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ถ”์›”๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ˜ผ์žก๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋น„ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ถ”์›”์„ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ CA๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง์„ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๋„ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์†๋ฅ˜์™€ ์—ฐ์†๋ฅ˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ณต์กดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ์—์„œ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋„๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ฐจ๋กœ(์˜ค๋ฅด๋ง‰์ฐจ๋กœ, ์–‘๋ณด์ฐจ๋กœ, ํ„ด์•„์›ƒ ๋“ฑ)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์šด ์šด์˜์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ฐจ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ˜„์žฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธ์ฒœ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 2013๋…„๋„ ์ž์ฒด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„(๊ตญ์ œ๊ณต๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„)์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ

References

1 
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