Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. *์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์‚ฐ(์ฃผ) ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋ฏธ์ฃผ๋ฒ•์ธ ์ฐจ์žฅ ()
  2. **์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์‚ฐ(์ฃผ) ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์„ (**Samsung C&T Corporation)
  3. ***์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์‚ฐ(์ฃผ) ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ ์„ ์ž„ ()
  4. ****์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์‚ฐ(์ฃผ) ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ ์ „์ž„ ()


์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜, ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…, ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜, ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ
Cone penetration test, Continuous intrusion, Miniature cone, Scale effect

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…ํ˜• ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜

  •   2.1 ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

  •   2.2 ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…ํ˜• ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜

  •   2.3 ์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ

  •   2.4 ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ† ์ธต๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

  • 3. ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œํ—˜

  •   3.1 ๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋งค๋ฆฝ ์ง€๋ฐ˜

  •   3.2 ์‹œํ™” ์ ํ†  ์ง€๋ฐ˜

  •   3.3 ํ‰ํƒ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ ํ†  ์ง€๋ฐ˜

  •   3.4 ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

  • 4. ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…ํ˜• ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ

  •   4.1 ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ถค๋„์žฅ์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต

  •   4.2 CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํƒ์ง€

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์š”์•ฝ

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์ด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ถ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‹œ๊ณต ์‹œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์ธต์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์ด ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณตํ•™์  ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ํŒŒ์•… ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜(Cone Penetration Test, CPT)์€ ์›์ถ” ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ฝ˜์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ง€์ค‘์— ๊ด€์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. CPT๋Š” 1930๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ์ข… ๊ณ„์ธก ์„ผ์„œ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์žฅ์น˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜(Standard Penetration Test, SPT)๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Robertson and Campanella, 1988; Lunne et al., 1997).

CPT์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ธ ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜(Miniature Cone Penetration Test, MCPT)์€ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”์™€ ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…(Continuous Intrusion)์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…ํ˜• ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜(Continuous Intrusion Miniature Cone Penetration Test, CIMCPT)์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kurup and Tumay, 1999). ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ๋„์ž…๋˜์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ 12 m ์ฝ”์ผ์‹ ๋กฏ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 10 m ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ์ธต๋ถ„๋ฅ˜, ์ง€๋ฐ˜ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํƒ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์‹ฌ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 15 m ํ˜น์€ 20 m ์ฝ”์ผ์‹ ๋กฏ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊นŠ์€ ์‹ฌ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์ž…๋œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์กฐ๋œ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ 2.5 ํ†ค ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Yoon et al., 2009; 2010). ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํฐ ์ ‘์ง€์••์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ‘œ์ธต์ด ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„ ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋งค๋ฆฝ์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์— ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ† ์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ถค๋„์žฅ์น˜์— ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” CIMCPT์™€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ CPT์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ† ์งˆํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” 3๊ฐœ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ(scale effect)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ถค๋„์žฅ์น˜์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰๋œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…ํ˜• ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜

2.1 ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜(CPT)์€ ์ฝ˜์„ ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋กœ๋“œ์…€(load cell)์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ(qc) ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ(fs)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณตํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. CPT๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 10 cm2์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์ฝ˜์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์‹ฌ๋„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 15 cm2์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜•์ฝ˜์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค(Yoon, 2009). CPT๋Š” ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๊ณ„์ธก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์›์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ‘œ์ค€์ฝ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์งˆํ†  ์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฝ˜์˜ ์ง€์ค‘ ๊ด€์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฐ ๋Œ€ํ˜•์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ , ์•ฝ 1 m ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๋กฏ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์‹ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์†Œ์š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฝ˜์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ด€์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๋” ๋„“์€ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด, ์†Œ์„ฑ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ธก์ • ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Powell and Quarterman, 1988; Hird et al., 2003). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ด€์ž… ์‹œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ต๋ž€์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธก์ • ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋ฉฐ, ์žฅ๋น„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Tumay and Kurup, 1997; Kurup and Tumay, 1999; Titi et al., 2001). CIMCPT๋Š” 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™(Louisiana State University) ๋ฐ ๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ๊ตํ†ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(Louisiana Transportation Research Center, LTRC)์—์„œ ํ‘œ์ค€ CPT์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์€ ํ‘œ์ค€์ฝ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด 1/5๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ (Fig. 1), ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์ฝ”์ผ์‹ ๋กฏ๋“œ(coiled rod)์™€ ์ž๋™ ๊ด€์ž…์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”์™€ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Tumay and Kurup, 1997; Tumay and Kurup, 1999; Tumay et al., 2001).

PIC432.jpg

Fig. 1. Miniature Cone Versus Standard Cone

2.2 ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…ํ˜• ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜

๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ๋„์ž…๋œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ LTRC์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ฝ”์ผํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ฝ˜์„ ์œ ์••๋ชจํ„ฐ์™€ ์ฒด์ธํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌดํ•œ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ค‘ ๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…(continuous intrusion) ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค(Fig. 2). ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ 1) ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฝ”์ผํ˜• ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ณผ ์ง€์ค‘ ๊ด€์ž…์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ž…์žฅ์น˜, 2) ์ฝ˜์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ณ„์ธก์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, 3) ์กฐ์‚ฌ์œ„์น˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋™๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐ ๊ด€์ž…์žฅ์น˜์— ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ค‘๊ด€์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์ผ์€ 300ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฝ”์ผ๋ง(coiling) ๋ฐ ์–ธ์ฝ”์ผ๋ง(uncoiling)์— ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ž…์‹ฌ๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 10 m(์ฝ”์ผ ๊ต์ฒด์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 20 m) ์ด๋‹ค(Tumay and Kurup, 2001). ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ๋„์ž…๋œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ 2.5ํ†ค ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ(Yoon et al., 2009), ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ 1ํ†ค์˜ ๊ถค๋„์žฅ์น˜์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 3). ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ทจ๋“์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ์ €์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ ์‹œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 2. Continuous Intrusion Miniature Cone Penetration Test (CIMCPT) System

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(a) Truck

PICDEA.png

(b) Crawler

Fig. 3. Research Vehicle for CIMCPT System

์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ด€์ž…๋ ฅ์€ ์•ฝ 14 kN๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ 60 MPa์˜ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์•ฝ 0.6 MPa์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์€ ๊ด€์ž…๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋กฏ๋“œ ํœจ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. CIMCPT์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฝ”์ผํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฒจ์žˆ๋˜ ๋กฏ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ž…์‹œ ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ง€์ค‘ ๊ด€์ž…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฐ์„ฑ ์Šคํ…์ธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์Šคํ‹ธ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋กฏ๋“œ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด 13 mm๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋กฏ๋“œ ํœจ์— ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 30 MPa์˜ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋กฏ๋“œ ํœจ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—(Fig. 4), ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์€ ์•ฝ 30 MPa๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค(Yoon et al., 2010). ์ด๋Š” Table 1์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ํ™์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์กฐ๋ฐ€์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ(Yoon and Lee, 2004), CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ธต ํ˜น์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ๋„์ž…๋œ ์ดํ›„ 3๋…„์—ฌ ๋™์•ˆ 10๊ณณ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ ์ ํ† ์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Yoon et al., 2010).

2.3 ์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ

CPT ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋„ํ‘œ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ CIMCPT ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ์ฝ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ(scale effect)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ์„ ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค๋ฌผ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋œ ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ค๋ฌผ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‹ค๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ถ•์†Œ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ฐ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค. Lima and Tumay (1991)๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์„ ํ˜•ํšŒ๊ท€๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜์ด ํ‘œ์ค€์ฝ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์€ 15% ํฌ๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์€ 10% ์ž‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Kurup and Tumay (1998), Titi et al. (2000), Tumay and Kurup (2001)์€ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜์˜ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์€ ํ‘œ์ค€์ฝ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 10% ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ฝ 10% ์ •๋„ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Kim et al. (2008)์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•ํ† ์กฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์†์••๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์งˆํ†  ์ง€๋ฐ˜์—์„œ Tumay and Kurup (2001)์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ 10% ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 4. Buckling of a Coiled Rod

Table 1. Capacity of CPT Tip Resistance by Soil Condition

Soil condition

Capacity of Cone Resistance (qc)

 (MPa)

Very soft (clay, sand)

5 ~ 12.5

Soft to medium (clay, sand)

12.5 ~ 25

Medium to slightly dense (sand)

25 ~ 50

Very dense (sand)

over 75

๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜์ด ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 10~15% ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 10% ์ •๋„ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. Tumay and Kurup (1999)์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ์„ฑ์˜์—ญ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ์„ฑ์˜์—ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์€ ์ฝ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lima and Tumay, 1991; Tumay and Kurup, 2001). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ 10% ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(Zhang๊ณผ Tumay, 1999)์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์‹œ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Yoon et al., 2010). ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค, CIMCPT์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ต๋ž€ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ† ์ธต ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ˜‘์žฌ๋œ ์–‡์€ ์ธต๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ CIMCPT ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ •์€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Š” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, CIMCPT์™€ CPT์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ† ์ธต๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 3์žฅ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.4 ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ† ์ธต๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

CPT ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ† ์ธต๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ €ํ•ญ๋น„ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••๋น„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Robertson and Campanella, 1988; Lunne et al., 1997). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” CIMCPT ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•œ ์ด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ PClass-CPT v3.0์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Zhang and Tumay, 1999; Abu-Farsakh et al., 2008). ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์€ ํผ์ง€์ด๋ก (Fuzzy logic)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ํ™์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ํ™์„ ์ ํ† (Highly Probable Clay, HPC), ์‹คํŠธ(Highly Probable Mixed Soil, HPM), ๋ชจ๋ž˜(Highly Probable Sandy Soil)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ(qc)๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ €ํ•ญ๋น„(Rf)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Eqs. (1)~(3)์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋Š” ํ™๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋‹จ์œ„(Soil Behavior Unit, U)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ† ์ธต์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋œ ํผ์ง€ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‹ญ ํ•จ์ˆ˜(Fuzzy membership function)๋ฅผ Eqs. (4)~(6)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(Zhang and Tumay, 1999; Abu-Farsakh et al., 2008).

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PIC17D2.gif   (3)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, qc: ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ, Rf: ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ €ํ•ญ๋น„(= fs/qc), fs: ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ, a1=-11.345, a2=-3.795, b1=15.202, b2=5.085, c1=-0.296, c2=-0.759, d1=2.960, d2=2.477.

PIC1860.png

Fig. 5. CPT Fuzzy Soil Classification Chart (After Zhang and Tumay, 1999)

์ ํ† (HPC): 

PIC18FD.gif (4)

์‹คํŠธ(HPM): 

PIC197B.gif (5)

๋ชจ๋ž˜(HPS): 

PIC19E9.gif (6)

3. ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œํ—˜

CIMCPT์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ ๋น„๊ต ์‹œํ—˜ ์‹œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ํ† ์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 1 m ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ์ธ์ ‘ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, CIMCPT ๋ฐ CPT๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฝ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํ™์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.1 ๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋งค๋ฆฝ ์ง€๋ฐ˜

๋ถ€์‚ฐ OO์ง€์—ญ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋งค๋ฆฝ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ 10 m ๋‘๊ป˜๋กœ ๋งค๋ฆฝํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์ผ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์ƒ SP(Poorly graded sand)๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ต๋ž€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 1 m ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง€์ ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 6์€ ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ, ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. CIMCPT๋Š” ๋กฏ๋“œ ํœจ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 10 m ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์—์„œ 25 MPa ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋„์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , CPT์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 10 m๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Figs. 6(a) and 6(b)์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ 10~20% ์ •๋„ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‚˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐ’์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ CIMCPT๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์€ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ ๋น„๊ต ์ธก์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

Figs. 6(c) and 6(d)๋Š” CPT์™€ CIMCPT ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, CIMCPT์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 3.5 m ์‹ฌ๋„์—์„œ ์‹คํŠธ์ธต์˜ ์กด์žฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ• ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ๋ถ€ 1 m ์ด๋‚ด์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ํ† ์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์†์••์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, CIMCPT๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ง€๋ฐ˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด CPT์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์‹œํ™” ์ ํ†  ์ง€๋ฐ˜

๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ์‹œํ™”์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ ํ† ์ง€๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ๋ถ€์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ๋ถ€ 10 m ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํ‡ด์  ์ ํ† ๋กœ ๊ท ์งˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด 4๊ฐœ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ 1 m ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

PIC1C1D.png

PIC1C2D.png

PIC1E13.gif

PIC1E23.png

(a) Tip Resistance

(b) Sleeve Friction

(c) CPT Fuzzy Soil Classification

(d) CIMCPT Fuzzy Soil Classification

Fig. 6. Comparison of Penetration Profiles at the Busan Site

PIC1F4D.png

PIC1F4E.png

PIC1F5F.png

PIC1F60.png

(a) Tip Resistance

(b) Sleeve Friction

(c) CPT Fuzzy Soil Classification

(d) CIMCPT Fuzzy Soil Classification

Fig. 7. Comparison of Penetration Profiles at the Sihwa Site

Fig. 7์€ ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ, ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. Figs. 7(a) and 7(b)์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๋งค๋ฆฝ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ CIMCPT์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ CPT์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Figs. 7(c) and 7(d)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‘ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, CIMCPT์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ธต์˜ ์ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ธต์€ 4.5 m ์‹ฌ๋„์— ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ, ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ, ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ ํ† ์ธต ์‹ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3.3 ํ‰ํƒ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ ํ†  ์ง€๋ฐ˜

๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ‰ํƒ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ ํ† ์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฅ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ˜„์žฅ์€ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ ํ† ์ธต 3๊ฐœ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 8์€ ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ, ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. Figs. 8(c) and 8(d)์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์•ฝ 4 m ์‹ฌ๋„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ ํ† ์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ ์‹ฌ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํŠธ์ธต๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ธต์ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, CIMCPT ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ํ†  ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

PIC2145.png

PIC2146.png

PIC2157.png

PIC2158.png

(a) Tip Resistance

(b) Sleeve Friction

(c) CPT Fuzzy Soil Classification

(d) CIMCPT Fuzzy Soil Classification

Fig. 8. Comparison of Penetration Profiles at the Pyeongtaek Site

3.4 ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

์ „์ฒด ์‹œํ—˜ ์‹ฌ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ Table 2์— ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ Table 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด 3๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ CPT์™€ CIMCPT์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๋น„๊ต์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 56%๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Table 2). ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Table 3)์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ CIMCPT๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹œํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋ชจํ˜•ํ† ์กฐ ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ํ† ์ธต์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ํ˜‘์žฌ๋œ ์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ํ† ์ธต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋†’์€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ธก์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

Table 2. Scale Effects at the Tested Sites Using Tip Resistance and Sleeve Friction

Location/Soil type

Test No.

Depth (m)

qc(CIMCPT)

/ qc(CPT)

fs(CIMCPT)

/ fs(CPT)

Busan/Reclaimed sand

1

6.0

1.04

2.02

2

7.0

1.07 

1.70 

3

6.0

1.21 

1.54 

4

7.0

1.16 

2.20 

5

10.0

1.20 

1.58 

6

7.0

1.21 

1.20 

Sihwa/Clay

1

10.0

1.56 

2.40 

2

10.0

1.33 

3.48 

3

10.0

1.04 

2.88 

4

10.0

1.55 

4.74 

Pyeongtaek/Soft clay

1

7.0

0.95 

0.94 

2

6.0

0.94 

1.34 

3

8.0

1.06 

1.20 

ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ํ† , ์‹คํŠธ, ๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜ ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ CPT์™€ CIMCPT ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 4๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ์‹ฌ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” CPT ๋ฐ CIMCPT๊ฐ€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ ํ† ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ CIMCPT๊ฐ€ ์ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4. ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…ํ˜• ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ

Table 3. Summary of Published and Studied Scale Effects

Reference

qc(CIMCPT) / qc(CPT)

fs(CIMCPT) / fs(CPT)

Remarks

Lima and Tumay (1991)

1.15

0.90

-

Kurup and Tumay (1998)

1.10

0.89

Overconsolidated, dessicated silty clay / clayey silt

Titi et al. (2000)

1.11

0.91

Soft to stiff clay

Tumay and Kurup (2001)

1.13

0.91

Highly plastic, stiff clay

1.11

0.87

Overconsolidated stiff to hard clay

Kim et al. (2008)

1.14

0.89

Jumunjin and, Calibration chamber test

This study

1.04~1.21

1.20~2.20

Busan reclaimed sand

1.04~1.56

2.40~4.74

Sihwa clay

0.94~1.06

0.94~1.34

Peongtaek soft clay

๊ตญ๋‚ด OO์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„๋…ธ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ถœํ˜„์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ธต๋ถ„ํฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, CIMCPT๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ ํ† ์ธต์˜ ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋Ÿญํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ CIMCPT ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1์ฐจ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , 1์ฐจ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ง„์ž…์ด ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋˜ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ถค๋„์žฅ์น˜์— ํƒ‘์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 4. Scale Effects at the Tested Sites Using the Fuzzy Soil Classification

Location/

Soil type

Test type

Test No.

Sand (%)

Silt (%)

Clay (%)

Busan /

Reclaimed sand

CPT

1

92.1

7.0

0.9

CIMCPT

94.5

5.3

0.1

CPT

2

94.2

5.5

0.4

CIMCPT

94.1

5.8

0.2

CPT

3

93.4

6.4

0.2

CIMCPT

96.5

3.4

0.1

CPT

4

91.2

8.0

0.7

CIMCPT

94.2

5.7

0.1

CPT

5

93.0

6.7

0.3

CIMCPT

83.5

8.5

7.9

CPT

6

92.8

6.9

0.3

CIMCPT

94.5

4.7

0.7

Sihwa/

Clay 

CPT

1

15.9

49.3

34.8

CIMCPT

17.0

37.4

45.3

CPT

2

19.8

56.0

24.3

CIMCPT

13.3

35.2

51.2

CPT

3

21.6

54.9

23.5

CIMCPT

10.7

32.9

54.0

CPT

4

19.0

55.2

25.8

CIMCPT

13.7

37.8

48.5

Pyeongtaek/

Soft clay

CPT

1

11.1

20.0

68.9

CIMCPT

12.9

34.4

52.7

CPT

2

24.0

48.2

27.9

CIMCPT

19.4

39.1

41.5

CPT

3

18.8

48.9

32.3

CIMCPT

24.5

44.3

31.2

4.1 ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ถค๋„์žฅ์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต

๋™์ผํ•œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํŠธ๋Ÿญํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ถค๋„์žฅ์น˜์— ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์šด์†ก์žฅ๋น„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์žฌํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ด€์ž…๋ ฅ ์ด๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์ผ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Fig. 9์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์„ฑํ† ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ฝ 100 m ์ด๊ฒฉ๋œ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹ฌ๋„๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถค๋„์žฅ์น˜์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํƒ์ง€์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์ด๋™์žฅ์น˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค.

4.2 CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํƒ์ง€

์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ CIMCPT๋Š” 2์ฐจ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰(์ด 36๊ณต)๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1์ฐจ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ (22๊ณต), 2์ฐจ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ถค๋„์žฅ์น˜์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1์ฐจ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์‹œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋˜ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(14๊ณต).

์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์‹ฌ๋„ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํผ์ง€์ด๋ก ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ํ™๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•(Zhang and Tumay, 1999)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ํ† ์ธต๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์งˆํ† ์ธต์ด ๊ตํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ์ธต์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™” ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ํ† ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(Abu-Farsakh et al., 2008). ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์•ฝ 4 m ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ ํ† ์ธต์ด ์šฐ์„ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์‹ฌ๋„๋Š” ์ƒ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ฝ 4 m ๊นŠ์ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. Table 5๋Š” CIMCPT ์กฐ์‚ฌ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์ถ”์ฃผ์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์‹ฌ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 1 m ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, CIMCPT๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์‹ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ถœํ˜„์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด CIMCPT๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ ํ† ์ธต์˜ ์‹ฌ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„ํฌํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

PIC22B1.png

Fig. 9. Comparison of Tip Resistance Profiles Tested by the Truck and the Crawler

Table 5. Comparison of Clay Depth Estimated by CIMCPT and Drilling Log

Vehicle

type

Test No.

Clay depth by CIMCPT (m)

Clay depth by drilling log (m)

Depth difference (m)

Truck

T-3

4.0

4.7

-0.7

T-9

2.4

2.7

-0.3

T-10

3.9

2.8

+1.1

T-17

4.8

3.5

+1.3

T-18

5.0

4.0

+1.0

T-19

3.0

3.0

0

T-20

4.8

2.0

+2.8

Crawler

C-2

4.3

4.0

+0.3

C-3

4.0

4.0

0

C-4

5.2

3.5

+1.7

C-6

4.9

5.6

-0.7

C-9

2.4

4.0

-1.6

C-10

5.5

5.4

+0.1

C-14

2.7

4.4

-1.7

5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์š”์•ฝ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†๊ด€์ž…ํ˜• ์†Œํ˜•์ฝ˜๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜(CIMCPT) ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐํšจ๊ณผ, ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐœ์„  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋„์ž… ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)์ฝ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ CPT์™€ CIMCPT์˜ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์˜ ๋น„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ qc(CIMCPT) / qc(CPT) = 0.94~1.56์™€ fs(CIMCPT) / fs(CPT) = 0.94~4.74๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(2)CIMCPT๋Š” CPT์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ด€์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ •๋„ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ง€๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ตํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ง€์ธต ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(3)CIMCPT์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฝ”์ผ์‹ ๋กฏ๋“œ์˜ ํœจํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” 30 MPa ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฝ˜์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ด€์ž…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ •๋„์˜ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ† ์ธต์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(4)์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ CIMCPT๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ ‘์ง€์••์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ‘œ์ธต์ด ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ† ์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ถค๋„์žฅ์น˜์— ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(5)12 m ์ฝ”์ผ์‹ ๋กฏ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ CIMCPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ 10 m ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ ํ† ์ธต์˜ ์‹ฌ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„ํฌํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์จ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

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