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  1. *์ธ์ฒœ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ (*Incheon National University)


2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•, Cellular Automata, ์งง์€ ์ „๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํŠน์„ฑ
Two-lane highway, Car-Following Model, Cellular Automata, Short Front Space, Headway Behavior

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

  • 3. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

  •   3.1 ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์žฅโ€ค๋‹จ์ 

  •   3.2 2์ฐจ๋กœ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

  • 4. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€

  •   4.1 ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„

  •   4.2 ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๊ตญ๋‚ด ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ(์ดํ•˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ)์˜ ์ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” 34,254km๋กœ์„œ ์ „์ฒด ๋„๋กœ๋ง(42,609km, ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ œ์™ธ)์˜ ์•ฝ 80% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ TWOPASS์˜ Parameter๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ตํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋…์ž์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง์˜ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‚˜, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋œ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ(CORSIM, VISSIM, PARA-MICS, CUBIC ๋“ฑ)๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ตํ†ต๊ณตํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€(์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ) ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ถ”์›”ํ–‰ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ ์„œ๋‘์—์„œ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์›”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ถ”์›”๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ถ”์›”์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ(์ฆ‰, ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ถ”์›” ํ›„ ํ•ด๋‹น์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •) ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰์†๋„์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์งง์€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์ข… ๋ฐ ์ถ”์›”์™„๋ฃŒ์‹œ ์งง์€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ด์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„ ๋„๋กœ๋ง์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‹œ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์†๋„์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐ์  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง์— ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ Cellular Automata(์ดํ•˜ CA)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ CA ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์งง์€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์†๋„๊ฐ์† ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ GM๊ณ„์—ด(GM family)๋ชจํ˜•, ์•ˆ์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(safety distance) ๋ชจํ˜•, ์ถฉ๋ŒํšŒํ”ผ(collision avoidance)๋ชจํ˜• ๋“ฑ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€โ€ค๊ฐ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ชจํ˜•ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ์†Œ(capacity drop), ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ์  ํ˜ผ์žก(spontaneous jam), ํ˜ผ์žก๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค(stop-and-go) ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜, 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ(platoon)์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†์ ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Chang et al. 2005). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง์˜ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์‹œ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Š๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค(Chang et al. 2004, 2005). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” CA์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” 1์ฐจ์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ผ์žก๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐ์  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” Cellular Autoamta์ด๋ก ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•(Nagel and Schreckenberg, 1992)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ CA๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ TRANSIMS ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง์„ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋…์ผ ์•„์šฐํ† ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ์žฅ๋ž˜ ์†Œํ†ต์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(OLSIM; www. autobahn.nrw.de).

CA ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ 1990๋…„ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— NaSch๋ชจํ˜•(Nagel and Schereckenberg, 1992)์ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ์ดํ›„, T2๋ชจํ˜•(Takayasu and Takayasu, 1993), BJM ๋ชจํ˜•(Benjamin et al., 1996), Krauss๋ชจํ˜•(Krauss, 1997), ๊ธฐ์กด NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ VDR(Velocity Depending Randomization)๋ชจํ˜•(Schadschneider and Schre-ckenberg, 1997), MRO(Multi Regime Oriented) ๋ชจํ˜•(Chang et al., 2005) ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ MRO๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์žฅ๋ž˜ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ถ„์„์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Chang et al., 2008).

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Choen and Rho(2001)์€ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„์— NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Cho et al. (2001)๋Š” ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Chang and Lee (2003)๋Š” NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ •์ง€๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์†๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Chang et al. (2004)๋Š” ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” CA๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Chang et al. 2008,  Shah et al. 2008). Yoon (2009)๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋กœ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Yoon (2011)๋Š” ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ด์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ CA๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ CA๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›” ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

3. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ Frame์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅโ€ค๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.1 ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์žฅโ€ค๋‹จ์ 

CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ Complex system์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™(statistical physics)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ ์ฆ‰, ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Chang et al., 2004).

Fig. 1์€ CA๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์†์  ๋„๋กœ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์…€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์…€์„ ์ ์œ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ jumppingํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์…€์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ์œ ์™€ ๋น„์ ์œ ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์†๋„(์…€/time-step)๋Š” time-step ๋‹น ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์…€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

PIC129E.gif

Fig. 1. Structure of Discrete Space

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ CA๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ด์‚ฐ์  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ (์—ฐ์†์  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ) ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์กด์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ •์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—„๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์—ฐ์†์  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ time-step์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ time-step์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด์‚ฐ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” CA๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์†์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„์™€ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ์—ฐ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, CA๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ด์‚ฐ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„์™€ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •์ˆ˜(์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ 1๋Œ€์˜ ์ ์œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ธ ์…€์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ)๋กœ ์—ฐ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์‚ฐ์  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„ ์ •์ˆ˜ํ™”๋Š” CA๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์‚ฐ์  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์†๋„์™€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์€ CA๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Beckman et al, 1997; Chang et al., 2008).

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ Eq.(1)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ํ•œ ํ›„ Noiseํ™•๋ฅ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(PIC13D7.gif)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์  ์†๋„์˜ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ์€ PIC1407.gif์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•˜๊ณ  PIC1428.gif์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ PIC1438.gif์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ์† ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„๋Š” PIC1449.gif์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

PIC14F6.gif                    (1)

PIC1516.gif: ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC1527.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC1556.gif: ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC1586.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC1597.gif: ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC15B7.gif: ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„ ์ ์œ  ์…€ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜(์…€)

์ด์ƒ์˜ CA ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐฑ์‹  ๊ทœ์น™(speed updating rule)์€ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์†๋„๊ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. PIC1606.gif์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฆ‰, ์งง์€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์  ์†๋„๋Š” PIC1636.gif๋กœ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ถฉ๋ŒํšŒํ”ผ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์›”์„ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ํ–‰ํƒœ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ PIC1666.gif์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ–‰ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ถ”์ข…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์›”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€์‹œ ์ถ”์›”์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์„ ๋‘๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ €์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ถ”์›”์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ PIC1696.gif์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์†๋„ ๊ธ‰๊ฐ์†์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์  ์†๋„ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ PIC16A7.gif์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์œผ๋กœ ์†๋„ PIC16D6.gif์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC16E7.gif, ์ดˆ)์€ Eq.(2)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋จ์œผ๋กœ 1.0์ดˆ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” 1.0์ดˆ ์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ 2์ฐจ๋กœ CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

PIC1736.gif                              (2)

3.2 2์ฐจ๋กœ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•(Nagel and Schereckenberg, 1992)์„ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ Framework๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋žตํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด โ‘ ์ „๋ฐฉ gap ํƒ์ƒ‰, โ‘ก(ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์†๋„๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ)์†๋„๊ฐฑ์‹ , โ‘ข์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋™์˜ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰์†๋„์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผํ–‰์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ ๋‘์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธ‰์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ์—ฐ์‡„์ถ”๋Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „์ž๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด CA๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(PIC1747.gif)๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ PIC1757.gif๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ์„œ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(expanded gap, PIC1778.gif)๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 1์€ CA๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ด์‚ฐ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, PIC1788.gif๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„(PIC17A9.gif), ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ gap(PIC17AA.gif) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ PIC17D9.gif์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ PIC17EA.gif๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ PIC180A.gif์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ โ‘ ์ „๋ฐฉ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ expanded gap(PIC180B.gif)์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •, โ‘ก(ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์†๋„๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ)์†๋„๊ฐฑ์‹ , โ‘ข์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋™์˜ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

3.2.1 Expanded Gap(PIC181C.gif) ์‚ฐ์ •

If PIC186B.gif then

Randomization

If PIC188B.gif then

PIC1938.gif     (3)

Else

PIC1A33.gif        (4)

Else

PIC1A44.gif                                    (5)

PIC1A45.gif: ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC1A55.gif)์—์„œ ์ถ”์ข…์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„ ์ ์œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„(์…€)

PIC1A76.gif: ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(PIC1A96.gif)์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„(t)์—์„œ ์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC1AA7.gif: ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(PIC1AA8.gif)์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„(t)์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐฉ gap(์…€)

PIC1AC8.gif: ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(PIC1AD8.gif)์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC1AE9.gif: PIC1AEA.gif ๊ฐ์†Œํ™•๋ฅ (0.0~1.0)

PIC1B0A.gif: ๋‚œ์ˆ˜๊ฐ’(0.0~1.0)

3.2.2 ์†๋„ ๊ฐฑ์‹  with Randomization

If PIC1B3A.gif then

PIC1C64.gif           (6)

Else

PIC1D11.gif                   (7)

PIC1D50.gif: ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC1D71.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC1DA1.gif: ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC1DC1.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC1E00.gif: ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(์…€/์ดˆ)

PIC1E11.gif: PIC1E31.gif ๊ฐ์†ํ™•๋ฅ (0.0~1.0)

PIC1E42.gif: ๋‚œ์ˆ˜๊ฐ’(0.0~1.0)

3.2.3 ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋™

PIC1E81.gif                             (8)

PIC1E92.gif: ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC1EA3.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์œ„์น˜

PIC1EB3.gif: ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC1ED3.gif)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์œ„์น˜

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ์†๋„๊ฐฑ์‹ ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋™์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Expanded gap rule(์ดํ•˜ EGR)์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. EGR์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์  PIC1EE4.gif๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ(t)์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐฑ์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ(t+1)์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ์†๋„์™€ ํ•ด๋‹น์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ PIC1EF5.gif์˜ ํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ถ”์ข…์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•ด๋‹น์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ PIC1F15.gif์— ์„ ํ–‰์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ์†๋„ ๋งŒํผ ๋น„ ์ ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ข… ์šด์ „์ž๋Š” ๊ฐฑ์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ(t+1)์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŽธ์ฐจ๋Š” PIC1F26.gif๊ฐ์†Œํ™•๋ฅ  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ PIC1F27.gif์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ PIC1F37.gif๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ PIC1F86.gif์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ EGR์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„(PIC1F97.gif, 0.0~1.0)๊ฐ€ ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„(PIC1FA8.gif)๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ EGR์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ Eq.(5)๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PIC1FC8.gif์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜ผ์žก์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ •์ง€์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ์žก๋ฐ€๋„(PIC1FD8.gif=1.0)์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ก EGR์˜ Eq.(3)๊ณผ (4)์— ์˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ Eq.(5)๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ 1์ฐจ์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€

4.1 ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ 1์ฐจ์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„[๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ€๋„(PIC1FE9.gif), ์†๋„-๋ฐ€๋„(PIC1FFA.gif)]์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌํ˜„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ์  ํ˜ผ์žก๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ถค์  ์‹œ๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, NaSch๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ค๋ช…์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋ฌดํ•œ ์›ํ˜•๋งํฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ์œ„ ์…€ ๊ธธ์ด(m)๋Š” 6.0์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 60km( 10,000๊ฐœ ์…€ = 60,000m/6m)์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํ‰์ง€ ์ผ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ง์„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด์ƒ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(PIC201A.gif)=3์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 99๊ฐœ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค(0.01~0.99, ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ 0.01), PIC201B.gif=71๊ฐœ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค(0.0~0.7, ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ 0.1)๋กœ์„œ ์ด 7,029(=99*71)๊ฐœ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‚˜ PIC202C.gif=11๊ฐœ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค(0.0~1.0, ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ 0.1)๋กœ์„œ ์ด 77,319๊ฐœ(=99*71*11) ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

PIC209A.gif

Fig. 2. Traffic Flow Relationships of NaSch Model

PIC20F9.gif

Fig. 3. Traffic Flow Relationships of Developed Model: PIC2148.gif

4.2 ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผCA ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋‚ด์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. Figs. 2 and 3์€ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ PIC2168.gif์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„[PIC2179.gif, PIC21A9.gif] ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, PIC21B9.gif์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข…ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ž์œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์†๋„(PIC21CA.gif, kph), ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(PIC22E4.gif, 0.0โ‰คPIC22F5.gifโ‰ค1.0, ๋Œ€/์ดˆ), ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์†๋„(PIC2305.gif, kph), ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„(PIC2326.gif, 0.0โ‰คPIC2327.gifโ‰ค1.0)๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„(NaSch๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ PIC2337.gif์— PIC2357.gif์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ PIC2358.gif=0.5์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž„), PIC2388.gif์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, PIC2399.gif์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ PIC239A.gif๊ฐ€ PIC23AB.gif๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ PIC23CB.gif์™€ PIC23CC.gif๋Š” NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. PIC23DC.gif={0.1, 0.2, 0.3}์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ {PIC23FD.gif, PIC240D.gif, PIC241E.gif}๋Š” [{62.6, 52.8, 0.584}, {60.4, 48.4, 0.491}, {58.3, 44.8, 0.412}]์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์€ {{62.7, 55.9, 0.615},{60.5, 51.4, 0.519},{58.4, 47.7, 0.436}}๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 

PIC243E.gif๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” PIC245E.gif๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ PIC249E.gif ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด(PIC24BE.gifPIC25C9.gif)์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ PIC25F9.gif๋Š” Eq.(9)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ์กด๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค(Chang et al., 2004)

PIC26F4.gif      (9)

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์†๋„(PIC2733.gif)๋Š” ์•ฝ 3kph ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” PIC2744.gif์˜ ์ „ํ›„์—์„œ EGR์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

PIC28BC.gif๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ PIC28DC.gif๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์•ฝ 5.8% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” EGR์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ PIC292B.gif์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” PIC293C.gif์„ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ–ฅ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ PIC294C.gif=0.2์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [PIC295D.gif, PIC296E.gif]๋Š” [60.4, 0.491]๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ PIC297E.gif์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด [60.5, 0.491]~ [60.5, 0.519]๊นŒ์ง€ ์กฐ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ž์œ ์†๋„ 60kph์—์„œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์•ฝ 1,770~1,870์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ/์‹œ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ PIC299F.gif, PIC29BF.gif, PIC29CF.gif, PIC29D0.gif์„ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นผ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ์ผ์ •์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ EGR์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ PIC29E1.gif์—์„œ PIC29F2.gif๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ PIC2A02.gif์ฆ‰ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ 0์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„(PIC2A13.gif)๋Š” PIC2A72.gif์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4์™€ 5๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ํ–‰ํƒœ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ ์ •๋œ ์ง€์ (๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ) ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. PIC2D75.gifโ‰ˆ0.5(1,800 ๋Œ€/์‹œ)์ด๋ฉฐ, NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ PIC2D86.gif=0.19์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ PIC2D97.gif=0.21, PIC2DA7.gif=0.5๋กœ์„œ PIC2DB8.gifโ‰ˆ0.2์—์„œ PIC2DC8.gifโ‰ˆ0.5(1,800 ๋Œ€/์‹œ)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC2AD0.gif

Fig. 4. Estimated Traffic Flow Relationships of NaSch Model

PIC2B3F.gif

Fig. 5. Estimated Traffic Flow Relationships of Developed Model: PIC2B5F.gif

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Fig. 6. Time-Space Vehicle Trajectory Under Unstable Traffic Flow State

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Fig. 7. Time-Space Vehicle Trajectory Under Stable Traffic Flow State

Fig. 6์€ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ์  ํ˜ผ์žก(spon-taneous jam)๊ณผ ํ˜ผ์žก ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ถค์ (trajectory) ์‹œ๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ†˜). ๋‘ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์  ํ˜ผ์žก(jam)์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์  ํ˜ผ์žก์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ/์ง€์†/์†Œ๋ฉธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์€ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์žฅ์ ์ธ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ์  ํ˜ผ์žก๋ฐœ์ƒ, ํ˜ผ์žก ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ดํ›„ ํ˜ผ์žก์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฉธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์€ Closed boundary system์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ wide-moving jam์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ open boundary system์—์„œ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜ผ์žก์€ wide-moving jam์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 

Fig. 7์€ ์•ˆ์ • ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์ƒํƒœ(PIC2F02.gif, PIC2F13.gifโ‰ˆ0.4)์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ถค์ ์„ ์‹œ๊ณต๋„๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ท ์ผํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 3.1์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ PIC2F23.gif์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์€ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ง‘๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC2FE0.gif

Fig. 8. Characteristics of Headway Distribution: NaSch Model vs. Developed Model

Fig. 8์€ PIC2FF0.gif={0.10, 0.155, 0.240}์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ/์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’(์ดˆ)์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.5์™€ 10.0์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” 0.5์ž„, PIC304F.gif). ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ eq.(2)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC3060.gif)๋Š” PIC309F.gif ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PIC30B0.gifPIC30E0.gif์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ PIC30F0.gif๋Š” 1.0์ดˆ ์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, PIC313F.gif์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ PIC3150.gifโ‰ˆ1.33์ดˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ PIC3180.gif, PIC31B0.gif ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PIC31EF.gif์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ PIC3200.gif๋Š” 1.0์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. PIC3220.gif๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” 0.0์ดˆ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ขŒ์ธกํŽธํฌ๋กœ ํŽธ์ค‘[์งญ์€ PIC3221.gif์˜ ๋นˆ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ธด PIC3232.gif์˜ ๋นˆ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ]๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ PIC3252.gifโ‰ˆ1.33์ดˆ ์ดํ•˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, PIC3263.gif๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ PIC3273.gif=1.33์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” PIC3284.gif=1.67๊ณผ 2.0์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์™œ๊ณกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ (EGR์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด) ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” 1.0์ดˆ ์ดํ•˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, PIC3295.gif๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ํŠน์ง•[์งญ์€ PIC32A5.gif์˜ ๋นˆ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ธด PIC32B6.gif์˜ ๋นˆ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ]์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. PIC32E6.gif์™€ PIC3325.gif์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋นˆ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ PIC3374.gif์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  EGR์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ PIC3375.gif์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋™์ผํ•œ PIC3396.gif์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ PIC33A6.gif์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, PIC33C6.gif์ธ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ง‘๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ”์›”์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์šด์ „์ž๋Š” NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ถ”์›”๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” EGR์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ PIC33C7.gif์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ •์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจํ˜•์ •์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ

์„œ๋‘์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค ์‹œํ”ผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  2์ฐจ๋กœ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ์ธ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๊ธฐ์กด CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์— ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ธ PIC33D8.gif์„ EGR ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(PIC33D9.gif)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. EGR์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด  CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์ •์‚ฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ (ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ด์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด) ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, EGR์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจํ˜•์€ NaSch๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์žฅ์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ํ˜ผ์žก์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ๊ตญ๋ถ€์  ํ˜ผ์žก ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ดํ›„ wide-moving jam์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ˜ผ์žก ์„ฑ์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ํ˜ผ์žก์˜ ์†Œ๋ฉธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์…‹์งธ, ๊ธฐ์กด CA๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ง€์ (local)์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด EGR์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ถ”์›”ํ–‰ํƒœ์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋„ท์งธ, CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง์„ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง์„ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด CA๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๊ธฐ์กด CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ EGR์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„๋กœ๋ง ์ ์šฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” CA์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ถ”์›”ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ฒซ์งธ, ํ˜„์žฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ[์ฐจ๋‘๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ถ„ํฌ, ์ž์œ ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์†๋„, ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„, ์ž„๊ณ„์†๋„, ๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ, ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ง‰๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ง‰๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†ํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ]์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ •์‚ฐ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •์‚ฐ์€ ๋น„ ํ˜ผ์žก๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ˜ผ์žก๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ ํ˜ผ์žก๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜(PIC33F9.gif)๋Š” โ‘ ์…€ ๊ธธ์ด, ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„(PIC3504.gif), ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„์  ๊ฐ์†ํ™•๋ฅ (PIC3515.gif), EGR๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ PIC3525.gif๋ฅผ ์ •์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„ ํ˜ผ์žก๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(PIC3536.gif), ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„(PIC3546.gif), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ •์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ‘ก์ •์‚ฐ์‹œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ •์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  โ‘ข์˜ค๋ฅด๋ง‰ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ง‰๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ž„๊ณ„๋ฐ€๋„, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ค‘์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€-๊ฐ์† ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ˜ผ์žก๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜(PIC3596.gif)๋Š” โ‘ ํ˜ผ์žก์‹œ ํ˜ผ์žก๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์šฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์‚ฐํ•œ ํ›„, โ‘ก๋ฐ€๋„๋ณ„ PIC35C5.gif, PIC35D6.gif, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PIC35E7.gif์„ ์ •์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ณ„ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ •์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” โ‘ข๊ฐ€๋‹ค์„œ๋‹ค ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ •์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ •์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Yoon, 2011)์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๊ณผ ์ถ”์›”์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ถ”์ข…๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์ถ”์›”๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ •์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด 2์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธ์ฒœ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 2012๋…„๋„ ์ž์ฒด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„(๊ตญ์ œ๊ณต๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„) ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ

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