Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. *์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • ()
  2. **์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ข…ํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ()
  3. ***์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ()
  4. ****์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ข…ํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ต์ˆ˜ ()


์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ , ์Šน๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด, ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ, ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„, ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ• ๋‹น๊ณผ์ •
Peak-hour ratio, Passenger demand pattern, Land use inventory, Clustering analysis, Group allocation process

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  •   1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

  •   1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  • 2. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ๊ฒ€ํ† 

  •   2.1 ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

  •   2.2 ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

  • 3. ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ

  • 4. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ๊ตฌ์ถ•

  •   4.1 ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„

  •   4.2 ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

  •   4.3 ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  ์‚ฐ์ •

  •   4.4 ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ• ๋‹น ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก 

  • 5. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ

  • 6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

์ฒ ๋„์—ญ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์€ ์ฒ ๋„์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋ณดํ–‰ํ†ต๋กœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ (Korea Rail Network Authority, 2010a), ํ™˜์Šน์„ผํ„ฐ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์šด์˜๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•œ๋‹ค(Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, 2010).

๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ด‘์—ญ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 25%, ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 17%์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Vuchic, 2005 ์žฌ์ธ์šฉ). ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์—…๋ฌด์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ์˜ ํ†ตํ–‰์€ ์˜ค์ „์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์˜คํ›„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์—…์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(Black, 1995).

ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์€ ์ง€์นจ ๋“ฑ์— ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์ž์œจ์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์‚ฐ์ •์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค ์‹œ, ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์—ญ์„ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์žฅ๋ž˜ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋ฐ ์šด์˜๊ณ„ํš์˜ ํšจ์œจํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…์ •๋ณด์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” 2011๋…„ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์Šนํ•˜์ฐจ์ธ์› ์ž๋ฃŒ(http://www.kric.or.kr/index.jsp)๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  ์‚ฐ์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์€ Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

PICF5F4.jpg

Fig. 1. Flow of Research

๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์€ ์—ญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตํ†ตํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์—ญ์„ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ ์Šนํ•˜์ฐจ ์ธ์›์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜, ์˜ค์ „ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Šน๊ฐ๋น„์œจ(2์‹œ๊ฐ„), ์˜คํ›„ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Šน๊ฐ๋น„์œจ(2์‹œ๊ฐ„), ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Šน๊ฐ๋น„์œจ(16์‹œ๊ฐ„), ์ „์ฒด ์ธ์›์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์Šน์ฐจ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜ ๋น„์œจ ๋“ฑ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€์ ๋„์™€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋Œ€์žฅ(2009๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ญ์„ธ๊ถŒ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉ๋„๋ณ„ Location Quotient(LQ) ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค(Kim, 2012). ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, ์ƒ์—…, ์—…๋ฌด, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋“ฑ 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. LQ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๋™์ผ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ •์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šฉ๋„๋ณ„ LQ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ญ์„ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์—ญ์„ธ๊ถŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ฉด์ ์ด 0.05% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ์—ญ์€ ๋ถ„์„์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ด์ƒ์น˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ญ์„ธ๊ถŒ์€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์„ธ๊ณ„ํš ์ง€์นจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ญ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ 500m๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„(factor analysis)๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„(cluster analysis)๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ ์š”์ธํ–‰๋ ฌ์˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง๊ตํšŒ์ „๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(orthogonal rotation method) ์ค‘ ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ๋งฅ์Šค(varimax)๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋””์•ˆ ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์™€๋“œ(Wardโ€™s linkage) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„ค๋  ์—ญ์ด ์–ด๋Š ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ํฌํ•จ๋ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ• ๋‹น ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์— ๋“ฑ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ท ์˜ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ box-plot์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ’์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” SPSS 19.0, SAS 9.3๊ณผ ArcGIS 9.3์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ๊ฒ€ํ† 

2.1 ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๋„๋กœ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Chung et al.(2009)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ „, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ, ์šธ์‚ฐ ๊ด‘์—ญ๊ถŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉ, ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๊ถŒ์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒจ๋‘ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 8.1%, ๋Œ€์ „๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‘ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 7.7%, ์šธ์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‘ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 8.3%์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

Sung et al.(2009)์€ ๋„๋กœ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์™€ํ•ด์ง€์ (break point)๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์™€ ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒจ๋‘ 11์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์ด 6.58%, ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒจ๋‘ 11์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์ด 6.65%์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Kim and Chang(2012)์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๋„๋กœ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ, ํŠธ๋Ÿญ, ์ „์ฐจ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒจ๋‘, ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ์•ผ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ๋Š” 6.05%, ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์€ 6.27%, ์ „ ์ฐจ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 6.08%์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋„๋กœ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. Korea Rail Network Authority(2010b)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ตํ†ตDB์˜ ๊ธฐ์ข…์  ํ†ตํ–‰๋Ÿ‰์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์™€ ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์•ฝ 8.5%, ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์•ฝ 5.1%๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ธก์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž„์˜๋กœ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋„๋กœ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Kim(2007)์€ 2003๋…„ ๓ฐก”์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํ†ตํ–‰์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๓ฐก• ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค์ „ ์ฒจ๋‘ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์˜คํ›„ ์ฒจ๋‘ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ, ๋ฒ„์Šค, ์ฒ ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘์—ญํ†ตํ–‰์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„œ์šธ, ์ธ์ฒœโ€ค๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ 2์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‚ฐ์ถœํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์„œ์šธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„œ์šธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€, ์œ ์ถœ, ์œ ์ž… 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ค์ „ ์ฒจ๋‘ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์„œ์šธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์€ 18.0% ์ธ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์„œ์šธ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์€ 28.9%๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ ์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ญ๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Korea Rail Network Authority(2010a)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘์—ญ์ฒ ๋„์˜ 30๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์Šน๊ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์™ธ์—…๋ฌด์ง€๊ตฌ์— 10%, ์ƒ์—…์ง€๊ตฌ์— 5~9%, ํฐ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ํ™˜์Šน๊ตฌ์— 15~20%๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ’์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด‘์—ญ์ฒ ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋“ฏ์ด, ์ฒ ๋„์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋…ธ์„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ์œ„์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์‹ ๊ทœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์‹œ์„ค์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ ์Šนํ•˜์ฐจ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ญ์„ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์˜ ํ†ตํ–‰ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์ค‘ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์ด๋ž€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋™์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค(Hair et al., 1987). ์ด๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์š”์ธํ–‰๋ ฌ์„ ํšŒ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ์š”์ธ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ถ„์„(principle component analysis)๊ณผ ๊ณตํ†ต์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„(common factor analysis)๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ถ„์„์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์š”์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์š”์ธํ–‰๋ ฌ์„ ํšŒ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ํŠน์ • ์š”์ธ์—๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์š”์ธ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ธ์—๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์š”์ธ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์š”์ธํ–‰๋ ฌ์„ ํšŒ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ์ง๊ฐํšŒ์ „๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋น„์ง๊ฐํšŒ์ „๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์ด๋ž€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ(similarity)์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌถ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค(Kim and Jhun, 1990). ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„์ธต์ (hierarchical) ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋น„๊ณ„์ธต์ (non-hierarchial) ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์œ ์‚ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น„๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฐ์ง‘์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ํฌํ•จํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์‹œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ผ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•, ํ‰๊ท ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•, ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•, ๋ฉ”๋””์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•, ์™„์ „ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•, ์™€๋“œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. Song and Oh(2001)๋Š” ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„ 170๊ฐœ ์โ€ง๋ฉด์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 18๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœ, ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Song and Chang(2010)์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์š”์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Lee et al.(2012)์€ 9๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์—…์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก๋ณ„ ์ƒ์—…ํ™”์œจ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ท ์—ฐ๋ฉด์  ๋“ฑ 9๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ƒ์—…์ง€์—ญ์„ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Choi et al.(2007)์€ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ AADT, ๋ณ€๋™๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ์™œ๋„๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœ, ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํŠน์ •์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์„ ์ •์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ค‘๋ณต๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•œ ๋’ค, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ

๊ฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์žฅ๋ž˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด LQ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ Table 1์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ 9๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ ์š”์ธ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ญ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์›์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 1. Variables Setting

Classification

Name of variable  (abbreviation)

Calculating method

Passenger demand pattern

Average daily number of passengers (AD)

PICF643.gif

Percentage for the number of passengers

in the morning peak hours (MP)

PICF6A2.gif

Percentage for the number of passengers

in the afternoon peak hours (AP)

PICF720.gif

Percentage for the number of passengers

in the non-peak hours (NP)

PICF79D.gif

Percentage for the number

of boarding passengers (NBP)

PICF7DD.gif

Land use inventory

Residential LQ Index (R-LQ)

PICF916.gif

Commercial LQ Index (C-LQ)

Business LQ Index (B-LQ)

Residual LQ Index (Rs-LQ)

5๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘, ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๊ณผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค์ „ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€(07:00~09:00), ์˜คํ›„ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€(18:00~20:00) ๋ฐ ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€(05:00~07:00, 09:00 ~18:00, 20:00~01:00)๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šน์ฐจ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Šนํ•˜์ฐจ ์ธ์› ์ค‘์—์„œ ์Šน์ฐจํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์›์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ ์ค‘ ์Šน์ฐจ์ธ์›๊ณผ ํ•˜์ฐจ์ธ์›์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ญ์„ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, ์ƒ์—…, ์—…๋ฌด, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์šฉ๋„๋ณ„ LQ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ ์—ญ์„ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ๊ตฌ์ถ•

4.1 ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„

์ด 213๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •, ์ด ์ค‘ 200๊ฐœ์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 13๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ญ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 13๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ญ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ž„์˜ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœ(simple random sampling) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 200๊ฐœ ์—ญ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์š”์ธํ–‰๋ ฌ์˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง๊ตํšŒ์ „๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ๋งฅ์Šค๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin(KMO) ๊ฒ€์ •๊ณผ Bartlett์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ KMO ๊ฐ’์ด 0.613์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , Bartlett์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ญ์‹œ ์œ ์˜ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 0.000์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„์„์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

์ ์ • ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฌ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์š”์ธ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ’์ด 1.0์ด์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ถ”์ถœ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰(factor score)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ, ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’ ์ œ๊ณฑ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์€ ๊ทธ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์š”์ธ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ’์ด 1.0 ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 80.60%์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ œ1์ธ์ž๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ณ€๋™์˜ 44.83%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐLQ์ง€์ˆ˜, ์˜ค์ „์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Šน๊ฐ๋น„์œจ, ์Šน์ฐจ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜ ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์ด ์˜ค์ „์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ํ†ต๊ทผ ๋ฐ ํ†ตํ•™ํ†ตํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’์€ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ œ1์ธ์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ๋“ค์˜ ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PICF965.gif

Fig. 2. Scree Chart

์ œ2์ธ์ž๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ณ€๋™์˜ 24.61%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์—…LQ์ง€์ˆ˜, ๊ธฐํƒ€LQ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Šน๊ฐ๋น„์œจ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ ์ด์šฉ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ƒ์—…์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€์ง€์—ญ(๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค, ๊ด€๊ด‘ํœด๊ฒŒ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ด€๋ จ์‹œ์„ค ํฌํ•จ์ง€์—ญ)์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ œ2์ธ์ž๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€์ง€์—ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ƒ์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ๋“ค์˜ ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ œ3์ธ์ž๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ณ€๋™์˜ 11.16%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—…๋ฌดLQ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์˜คํ›„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Šน๊ฐ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋†’์€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ›„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ํ‡ด๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š”๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ œ3์ธ์ž๋Š” ์—…๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ๋“ค์˜ ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ๊ฐ ์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Table 2. Factor Scores of Three Factors

Variables

Factor 1

Factor 2

Factor 3

R-LQ

0.729

0.164

-0.067

MP

0.709

-0.023

0.423

NBP

0.514

0.362

0.231

C-LQ

0.114

0.630

0.372

Rs-LQ

0.303

0.527

0.320

NP

0.078

0.631

0.203

B-LQ

-0.163

0.237

0.814

AP

0,205

0.241

0.632

AD

-0.062

0.353

0.868

Individual amount for explanation  (%)

44.83

24.61

11.16

Accumulation amount for explanation (%)

44.83

69.44

80.60

4.2 ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์—ญ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋“์ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์™€๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ ํ…๋“œ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Pseudo-F ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ Pseudo-F ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ์ง€์ ์— ๋Œ€์‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ ์ • ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 3๊ฐœ์ผ ๋•Œ Pseudo-F ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋Š” 3๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ญ์€ Table 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฃน1์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์€ 94๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ1์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ž๋“์ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน2์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์€ 73๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ œ2์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’์€ ์ธ์ž๋“์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์—๋Š” 33๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ญ์ด ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ œ3์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’์€ ์ธ์ž๋“์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์—ญ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Table 4๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ํ‰๊ท  ์ธ์ž๋“์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Table 3. Station Names of Each Group

Groups

(number)

Stations

Group1

(94)

Gangnam-Gu Office, Gangdong, Gang-dong-Gu Office, Gaerong, Gaehwasan, Geoyeo, Gongdeok, Gongneung, Gwang-naru, Gwangheungchang, Gusan, Gu-ui, Gupabal, Gireum, Kkachisan, Nakseongdae, Namguro, Namssong, Namtaeryeong, Nokbeon, Noksapyeong, Dapsimni, Danggogae, Daheung, Dogok, Dorimcheon, Dobongsan, Dokbawi, Dunchon-dong, Digital Media City, Ttukseom, Madeul, Majang, Macheon, Mapo-Gu Office, Mangwon, Maebong, Meokgol, Myeongil, Mongchontoseong, Mullae, Bangbae, Bangi, Banghwa, Beotigogae, Boramae, Bomun, Bokjeong, Bongcheon, Bonghwasan, Sangdo, Sangwangsimni, Sangwolgok, Seodaemun, Seokgae, Seokchon, Seongsu, Singil, Sindaebang, Sindaebang samgeori, Sinjeong, Sincheon, Sinpung, Amsa, Aeogae, Yangpyeong, Yeokchon, Yeongdeungpo-gu Office, Ogeum, Omokgyo,  Onsu, Yongmasan, Ujangsan, Wolgok, Ilwon, Jamsilnaru, Jamwon, Jangseungbagi, Junggye, Junghwa, Jeungsan, Changsin, Chunwang, Chunggu, Chungdam, Taereung, Hakdong, Hangdang, Hwagok, Hwarangdae, Hyochang park

Group2

(73)

Konkuk Univ,, Godeok, Korea Univ., Express Bus Terminal, Seoul National Univ, of Education, Gunja, Gubeundari, Geumho, Gil-dong, Naebang, Nowon, Daerim, Dongnimmun, Dongdaemun history and culture park, Dongguk Univ., Dongmyo, Dongjak, Daechi, Ttukseom Resort, Mok-dong, Mia, Balsan, Bulkwang, Sagajeong, Samgakji, Sanggye, Sangbong, Sangsu, Saejeol, Seoul National Univ., Sungsin Univ., Songjeong, Suraksan, Suyu, Sukmyong Univ., Sungsil Univ., Singeumho, Sindang, Sinyongsan, Singjeongmegeori, Sinchon, Ssangmun, Achasan, Ahyun, Anam, Apgujeong, Yaksu, Yangcheon-gu Office, Childrenโ€˜s Grand Park,Yeongdeungpo Market, Oksu, Olympic Park, Wangsimni, Yongdu, Worldcup Stadium, Eungam, Itaewon, Jamsil, Jangji, Janghanpyung, Sports Complex, Chang-dong, Chunho, Hagye, Hakyeoul, Hangangjin, Hansung Univ., Hanyang Univ., Hyehwa, Hongik Univ., Honjae    

Group3

(33)

Gasan Digital Complex, Gangnam, Gyeongbokgung, Gwanghwamun, Guro Digital Complex, Nambu Bus Terminal, Nonhyeon, Dangsan, Mapo, Myeong-dong, Sadang, Seocho, Sunneung, City Hall, Singdorim, Sinsul- dong, Anguk, Yangjae, Yeouinaru, Yeouido, Yeoksam, Euljiro 3-ga, Euljiro 4-ga, Euljiro 1-ga, Isu, Jonggak, Jongno 3-ga, Jongno 5-ga, Chungmuro, Chungjeongro, Hapjeong, Hoehyeon

๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ณ„๋กœ 9๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(Table 5), ๊ทธ๋ฃน1์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐLQ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน2์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ์—…LQ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ธฐํƒ€LQ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์€ ์—…๋ฌดLQ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน1์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฃน2๋Š” ์ƒ์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์€ ์—…๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Table 4. Average Factor Scores of Each Group

Groups

Factor 1

Factor 2

Factor 3

Group 1

1.34

-0.72

-1.56

Group 2

-0.93

0.81

1.15

Group 3

-1.76

0.26

1.90

Table 5. Land Use Inventory of Each Group

Groups

R-LQ

C-LQ

B-LQ

Rs-LQ

Group 1

1.05

0.90

0.53

0.82

Group 2

0.68

1.52

1.34

1.26

Group 3

0.37

1.28

2.48

1.05

Average

0.80

1.19

1.15

1.02

Table 6. Demand Pattern of Each Group

Groups

MP

NP

AP

NBP

AD

(/103)

Group 1

19.84 

64.43 

15.70 

51.29 

25.40

Group 2

13.82 

69.93 

16.20 

50.08 

57.16

Group 3

17.54 

65.41 

17.17

49.31 

96.95

Average

17.74 

66.20 

16.03 

50.53 

50.41

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ฃน1์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค์ „์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์˜ ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์Šน์ฐจ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜ ๋น„์œจ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๊ณ , ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค(Table 6). ๊ทธ๋ฃน2์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ญ๋“ค์€ ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ ๋น„์œจ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค์ „๊ณผ ์˜คํ›„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ ๋น„์œจ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์€ ์˜คํ›„์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

4.3 ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  ์‚ฐ์ •

์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ์—ญ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒจ๋‘ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน1๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ์—์„œ 9์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฃน1์—์„œ๋Š” 12.10%, ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์—์„œ๋Š” 10.76%์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฃน2์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ์—์„œ 7์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ 8.45%์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์—ญ์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์ด ์ƒ์—…์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์—ญ์˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 4%์ •๋„ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Table 7).

Table 7. Peak-hour Ratio of Each Group

Groups

Peak hour ratio (%)

Group 1

12.10

Group 2

8.45

Group 3

10.76

Average

10.48

Table 8. Homogeneity Test of Each Variable (Group1 vs. Others)

Variable

Leveneโ€™s test  (variance)

t-test (mean)

F-value

t-value

equality of variances

O

equality of variances

X

R-LQ

11.454

7.611

7.787

C-LQ

12.221

-5.918

-6.070

B-LQ

54.937

-6.386

-6.650

Rs-LQ

0.790

-1.215

-1.184

AD

96.512

-8.058

-8.477

4.4 ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ• ๋‹น ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก 

์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์–ด๋–ค ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์–ด๋Š ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ํ• ๋‹นํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน1์„ ์šฐ์„  ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน2์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ 9๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ, ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  4๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ• ๋‹น ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ณผ์ • ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” F-value์™€ t-value ๊ฐ’์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋„ ๊ท€๋ฌด๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Table 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๊ทธ๋ฃน1๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” F-value์™€ t-value๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ โ€˜์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜โ€™ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน1์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Table 9์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน2์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ญ์‹œ F-value์™€ t-value ๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ โ€˜์—…๋ฌดLQ์ง€์ˆ˜โ€™ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 9. Homogeneity Test of Each Variable (Group2 vs. Group3)

Variable

Leveneโ€™s test  (variance)

t-test (mean)

F-value

t-value

equality of variances

O

equality of variances

X

R-LQ

3.136

4.868

5.314

C-LQ

3.869

0.565

0.635

B-LQ

15.554

-10.092

-8.495

Rs-LQ

0.268

0.568

0.626

AD

2.204

-2.499

-2.443

PICFAAD.jpg

Fig. 3. Box Plot on Average Number of Passengers (Group1 vs. Others)

PICFAED.gif

Fig. 4. Box Plot on Business LQ Index (Group2 vs. Group3)

๊ทธ๋ฃนํ• ๋‹น ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ’์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Box Plot์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 3๊ณผ Fig. 4์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด ์น ํ•ด์ง„ ๋„ค๋ชจ์ƒ์ž ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ 1์‚ฌ๋ถ„์œ„์—์„œ 3์‚ฌ๋ถ„์œ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ค‘์•™ 50%๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ, ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ 3์‚ฌ๋ถ„์œ„๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ 1์‚ฌ๋ถ„์œ„๊ฐ’์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ฐ’์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 3์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ƒ์ž ์•ˆ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน1์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 15,000๋ช…์—์„œ 32,000๋ช… ์ •๋„์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€๊ทธ๋ฃน(๊ทธ๋ฃน2+๊ทธ๋ฃน3)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 40,000๋ช…์—์„œ 110,000๋ช… ์ •๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ’์„ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ธ 36,000๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

PICFB2C.gif

Fig. 5. Group Allocation Process

๊ทธ๋ฃน2์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ Fig. 4์—์„œ ์ƒ์ž ์•ˆ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ์—…๋ฌดLQ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน2์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 0.4์—์„œ 1.3์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 2.2์—์„œ 4.0์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—…๋ฌดLQ์ง€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ’์€ 1.75๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข… ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ• ๋‹น ๊ณผ์ •์€ Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

5. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ

์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์€ ์‹ค์ธก์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๓ฐก”๋„๋กœโ€ค์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ‘œ์ค€์ง€์นจ ์ˆ˜์ •โ€ค๋ณด์™„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(์ œ5ํŒ)๓ฐก•(์ดํ•˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์ง€์นจ)์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  8.78%์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Korea Development Institute, 2008).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ถ„์„์— ์•ž์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ž„์˜ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœ(simple random sampling) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ 13๊ฐœ ์—ญ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์—ญ์˜ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šนํ•˜์ฐจ ์ธ์›์ˆ˜์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€์ง€์นจ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธ์›์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹ค์ œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธ์›์ˆ˜์™€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตโ€ค๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Table 10).

Table 10. Comparison of the Number of Passengers during One Peak-hour

Station

(Group)

Experimental value

Standard guideline

(Error)

This research

(Error)

Gangbyeon

(2)

11,326

11,862

(+4.73%)

11,471

(+1.28%)

Daecheong

(1)

3,613

2,529

(-30.00%)

3,505

(-2.99%)

Myonmok

(1)

3,690

2,791

(-24.36%)

3,868

(+4.82%)

Munjeong

(1)

1,341

947

(-29.38%)

1,312

(-2.16%)

Mia-samgeori

(2)

8,309

7,799

(-6.14%)

7,541

(-9.24%)

Banpo

(1)

1,360

1,129

(-16.99%)

1,566

(+15.15%)

Samseong

(3)

19,554

15,871

(-18.84%)

19,520

(-0.17%)

Songpa

(1)

1,711

1,245

(-27.24%)

1,726

(+0.88%)

Suseo

(1)

3,475

2,495

(-28.20%)

3,458

(-0.49%)

Ehwa Womans Univ.

(2)

5,532

5,686

(+2.78%)

5,498

(-0.61%)

Jegi-dong

(2)

5,014

5,156

(+2.83%)

4,986

(-0.56%)

Junggok

(1)

2,650

1,860

(-29.81%)

2,578

(-2.72%)

Cheong-ryangni

(2)

7,564

8,644

(+14.28%)

8,359

(+10.51%)

Total

75,139

68,014

(-9.48%)

75,388

(+0.33%)

๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ๋น„ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ‘œ์ค€์ง€์นจ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค์ฐจ์œจ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋น„ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ‘œ์ค€์ง€์นจ์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  ๊ฐ’์„ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์‹ค์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•ฝ 2%์—์„œ ๋งŽ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•ฝ 30%๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•ฝ 0.5%์—์„œ ๋งŽ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 15%๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ ํ‘œ์ค€์ง€์นจ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน1, ์ฆ‰ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋น„ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ‘œ์ค€์ง€์นจ์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ  8.78%๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ง€์นจ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฐ’์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ๋ณ„ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Šนํ•˜์ฐจ ์ธ์›์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€์ ๋„์™€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋Œ€์žฅ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์— ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์š” ํŒจํ„ด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์„ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [๊ทธ๋ฃน1]์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ, [๊ทธ๋ฃน2]๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์ง€์—ญ, [๊ทธ๋ฃน3]์€ ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ์ด 12.10%, ์ƒ์—…์ง€์—ญ์ด 8.45%, ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์—ญ์ด 10.76% ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜๋Š” ์—ญ์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ โ€˜์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜โ€™์™€ โ€˜์—…๋ฌดLQ์ง€์ˆ˜โ€™๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ• ๋‹น ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์˜์ถ”์ถœํ•œ 13๊ฐœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ์ค€์ง€์นจ๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ธก์น˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ, ์—ญ์‚ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฐ’์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ญ์˜ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์—ญ์„ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ์—…๋ฌดLQ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ์„œ, ์„œ์šธ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„โ€ค์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์ (deterministic) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ–ฅํ›„, ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ‘ฏ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์ (probabilistic) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข€ ๋” ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

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