Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. (์ •ํšŒ์›โ€ค์ธ์ฒœ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›, ์ธ์ฒœ๋ฐฉ์žฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Incheon National Universityโ€คchanny0409@inu.ak.kr))
  2. (์ •ํšŒ์›โ€ค๊ต์‹ ์ €์žโ€ค์ธ์ฒœ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์ •๊ต์ˆ˜, ์ธ์ฒœ๋ฐฉ์žฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ์žฅ (Corresponding Authorโ€คIncheon National Universityโ€คjongp24@inu.ak.kr))



๋Œํผ, ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„, ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ, ์„ ํ–‰ ์••์ถ•, ๋ณต์› ํŠน์„ฑ
Damper, Polyurethane, SSMA, Precompression, Recovery characteristic

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌํ•ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ง€์ง„์€ ๋‹จ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์žฌํ•ด์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€์ง„ ์•ˆ์ „๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์‹๋˜๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ 5.8์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ ์ง€์ง„๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ 5.4์˜ ํฌํ•ญ ์ง€์ง„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง„ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Ban et al., 2020). ์ง€์ง„ ํ”ผํ•ด ์ €๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์š”๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์ง„, ๋ฉด์ง„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค(Cho and Hu, 2021). ๊ธฐ์กด์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์žฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง„ํ•˜์ค‘์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฉด์ง„ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋น„๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ณต, ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ณด๊ฐ• ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค(Reggio and Angelis, 2015). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œํผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ง„๋™์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€์ง„ ํ›„์—๋„ ์žฅ์น˜๋งŒ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ณด๊ฐ• ๋น„์šฉ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๋‚ด์ง„ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‚ด์ง„ ๋ณด๊ฐ• ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ œ์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ œ์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์†Œ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๋Œํผ, ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ง„์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๋Œํผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ(Superelastic shape memory alloy, SSMA), ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„(Polyurethane)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๋™ ์ œ์–ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ์˜ ์ œ์ง„ ์žฅ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Wang et al.(2019)์€ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ๋ง ์Šคํ”„๋ง ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ž๋™๋ณต์› ๋Œํผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณต์ •๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Qiu et al.(2020)๋Š” ๊ฐ์‡ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๋Œํผ์— ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ SMA-๊ฐ•์žฌ ๋Œํผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Yuan et al.(2021)์€ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์™€ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๋Œํผ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Mirzai et al.(2021)๋Š” ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ์™€ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์Šคํ”„๋ง์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ „๋‹จ ๋Œํผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์„ ํ–‰ ์••์ถ•์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ์› ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์› ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์„  ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์ ์šฉ, ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ• ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ƒ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘๋‹ต ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ๋ณ€์œ„, ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ , ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ ์„ค๊ณ„

2.1 ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ƒ์„ธ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„๊ณผ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋งˆ๋ชจ์„ฑ, ๋‚ด์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค(Choi et al., 2017). ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋†’์€ ์ธ์„ฑ ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋น„์œจ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์••์ถ•์‹œ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์˜๊ตฌ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํƒ„์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์••์ถ• ์‹œ ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์„ ํ–‰ ์••์ถ•์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์••์ถ• ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฐ•์ฒด ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ ค๋Š” ๋ณต์› ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค(Ju and Hu, 2021). ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์€ ํƒ„์„ฑ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด๋„ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ณต์› ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ๋‚ดํ›„์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค(Hu, 2015). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์„ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์••์ถ• ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ์™€์ด์–ด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ธ์žฅ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค๋„ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ™œํžˆ ๊ฑฐ๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„๋Š” Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์€ ํŒŒ์† ์‹œ์— ํŒŒ์†๋œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋งŒ ๊ต์ฒด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก(Sliding block)์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„๋™ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •ํŒ(Fixed Plate)์€ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”(Polyurethane cylinder)์™€ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์••์ถ• ๋ฐ ์ธ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ €ํ•ญ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํƒ„์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”์™€ ๋ณต์› ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์••์ถ•๊ณผ ์ธ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„๋™ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”๋Š” X์ถ• ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— 4๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๊ณ  ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๋Š” Y์ถ• ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— 4๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋œ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”๋Š” ๋ณต์› ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์••์ถ•์€ ์••์ถ•ํŒ(Compression plate)์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ƒคํ”„ํŠธ(Shaft)๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •ํŒ๊ณผ ์••์ถ•ํŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์••์ถ• ์‹œ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ(Channel plate)๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ •ํŒ์— ํด๋žจํ”„(Clamp)๋กœ ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ธ์žฅ ์‹œ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์™€์ด์–ด ๋Œ€์ฒด์‹œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ขŒ๊ตด ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์—๋งŒ ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์‹ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณดํ˜ธํŒ(Protection Plate)์œผ๋กœ 4๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๋ฉฐ ์ฑ„๋„ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ์— ๋ณผํŠธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์™„์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Schematic Drawing of Polyurethane Damper Components: (a) Components of Polyurethane Damper, (b) Assembly of Polyurethane Damper
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2023.43.4.0413/fig1.png

2.2 ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜

ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒˆ ๊ณจ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒˆ์™€ ๊ฑฐ์…‹ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ง„ ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋ฉด ์ง„๋™ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์••์ถ• ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ธ์žฅ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก์ด ์ธ์žฅ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์œ„์ชฝ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”๋Š” ์••์ถ•๋˜๊ณ  ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๋Š” ์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์žฅ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์—๋Š” ์ธ์žฅ ๋ณ€์œ„(${D}_{{T}}$)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์••์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก์ด ์••์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”๋Š” ์••์ถ•๋˜๊ณ  ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์žฅ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์—๋Š” ์••์ถ• ๋ณ€์œ„(${D}_{{C}}$)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3์€ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๋Š” ํ•˜์ค‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด๋„ ์ƒ๋ณ€์œ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณต์›๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ต ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด๋„ ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ ํ•˜์ค‘์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์›๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊นƒ๋ฐœ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต๊ตฐ์ธ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์™€์ด์–ด๋Š” ํƒ„์„ฑ ํ›„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•˜์ค‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ฒฝํ™”๋กœ ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”๋Š” ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํƒ„์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”์— ์„ ํ–‰ ์••์ถ•์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ ํ–‰ ์••์ถ•๋ ฅ($F_{Pre}$)์„ ์œ ์ง€๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์›๋œ ํƒ„์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ฑฐ๋™, ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ ํ–‰ ์••์ถ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ์ด๋ ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Tensile and Compression Behavior of Polyurethane Damper
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2023.43.4.0413/fig2.png
Fig. 3. Behavior Mechanism of Polyurethane Damper
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2023.43.4.0413/fig3.png

3. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜

3.1 ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜

ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ATC-24 ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋กœ๋”ฉ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(ATC-24, 1992). ๋กœ๋”ฉ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์œ„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 8,770์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ 13๊ฐœ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋กœ๋”ฉ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ ๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์€ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 300 mm์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ธ 1.20%๋Š” 3.60 mm์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” 5๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ธ์žฅ ์••์ถ•์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต ๋ณ€์œ„($\sigma_{{y}}$)์—์„œ๋Š” 3.60 mm์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ 3ํšŒ ์ธ์žฅ ์••์ถ•์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋กœ๋”ฉ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ตœ์ข…๋ณ€์œ„๋Š” 39.60 mm๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ฑฐ๋™, ์†Œ์„ฑ๊ฑฐ๋™, ๊ฒฝํ™”๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์™€์ด์–ด ์ ์šฉ, ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ• ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด 6๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์Šคํ”„๋ง์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์นญ์— Poly๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” SPoly, ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์™€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” Poly๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 0%, 10%, 20%๋กœ 10%์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ์‹œํŽธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1~3์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์นญ์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 5๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์€ ์†์ƒ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™” ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์€ Fig. 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ธฐ(Universal testing machine, UTM)์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ง€๊ทธ๋„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 6์€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์‹œํŽธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜ ์ „๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„๊ณผ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋Š” SUS 304 ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์Šคํ‹ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜์€ 1,000 kN์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์œ„์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜์€ ATC-24 ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 6๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์žฅ์••์ถ• ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ๋ณ€์œ„, ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ , ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์šธ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Loading Protocol of Structural Test
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2023.43.4.0413/fig4.png
Fig. 5. Component Specimens for Polyurethane Damper
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Fig. 6. Test Specimen and Structural Test of Polyurethane Damper
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2023.43.4.0413/fig6.png
Table 1. Classification of Polyurethane Damper Cases for Structural Test

Case ID

Description

Poly1

0% Precompressed polyurethane spring 4EA + Steel wire 4EA

Poly2

10% Precompressed polyurethane spring 4EA + Steel wire 4EA

Poly3

20% Precompressed polyurethane spring 4EA + Steel wire 4EA

SPoly1

0% Precompressed polyurethane spring 4EA + SSMA wire 4EA

SPoly2

10% Precompressed polyurethane spring 4EA + SSMA wire 4EA

SPoly3

20% Precompressed polyurethane spring 4EA + SSMA wire 4EA

3.2 ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 7์€ ์ด 6๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ผ€์ด์Šค ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ํž˜-๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‘๋‹ต ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜์€ 1์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์žฅ์••์ถ• ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋™์‘๋‹ต์˜ 1์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋ฉด์— ์ธ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋™์ด, 3์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋ฉด์— ์••์ถ•๊ฑฐ๋™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์••์ถ•๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ์™€ ์ธ์žฅ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œํผ์— ์ƒํ•˜ ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด ์ธ์žฅ๊ณผ ์••์ถ•์‹œ ๊ฑฐ๋™์‘๋‹ต๋„ ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋™์‘๋‹ต์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์™€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ Poly ๋Œํผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ SPoly ๋Œํผ์—์„œ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์ด ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์••์ถ•๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ• ์ ์šฉ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฑฐ๋™์‘๋‹ต์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ํ•˜์ค‘๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšŒ๋ณตํŠน์„ฑ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Poly1 ๋Œํผ์™€ SPoly1 ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€์œ„๋Š” 0 mm๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํž˜์ด 0 kN์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œํผ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„๋กœ ์ง€์ง„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์‹œ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฐ์‡  ์—ญํ• ์„ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œํผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‡ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์›ํ™œํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7. Response Behavior of Polyurethane Dampers: Poly1~Poly3, SPoly1~SPoly3
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2023.43.4.0413/fig7.png

Table 2๋Š” Poly1 ๋Œํผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ SPoly3 ๋Œํผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‘๋‹ต ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์žฅ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ(Maximum tensile force, $F_{Tens}$)๊ณผ ์••์ถ• ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ(maximum compressive force, $F_{Comp}$)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค. ์‘๋‹ต ๊ฑฐ๋™์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ SPoly ๋Œํผ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ Poly ๋Œํผ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด 0%์ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œํผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ธ์žฅ ์ธก๊ณผ ์••์ถ• ์ธก์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 29.34 kN, 33.96 kN์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด 10%์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 35.39 kN, 48.91 kN, 20%์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 26.74 kN, 22.70 kN์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋„ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋Œํผ์ค‘์—์„œ Poly1 ๋Œํผ์™€ Poly3 ๋Œํผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ธ์žฅ๊ณผ ์••์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 43.14 kN, 41.90 kN์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ SPoly1 ๋Œํผ์™€ SPoly3 ๋Œํผ์˜ ์ธ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์••์ถ• ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 40.54 kN, 30.64 kN์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด 20% ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์•ฝ 40.00 kN ์ •๋„ ์ƒ์Šนํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ•์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋  ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ Poly1 ๋Œํผ์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ SPoly3 ๋Œํผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด 83.82%๋‚˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋Œํผ์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 3์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜ ์ดํ›„ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์‹œํŽธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„(Residual displacement, $\triangle D$)์™€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ (Recovery rate, $R$)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  Fig. 8์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๋ฐ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด ์‹œํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ ์€ Eq. (1)๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ $D_{\max}$๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ณ€์œ„์ธ 39.60 mm, $\triangle D$ ๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„, $R$์€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ  $R$์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ณ€์œ„์—์„œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋บ€ ํ›„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ณ€์œ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด 100์„ ๊ณฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Poly ๋Œํผ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 30.96 mm ์ด์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ ์€ ์•ฝ 21.80% ์ •๋„์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ SPoly ๋Œํผ๋Š” ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„๋Š” ์•ฝ 6.03 mm ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ ์€ ์•ฝ 84.76% ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„์™€ ๋ณต์›๋ฅ  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

(1)
$R(\%)=\dfrac{D_{\max}-\triangle D}{D_{\max}}\times 100$

์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(Energy dissipation capacity, $EDC$)์€ ์ง€์ง„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์งˆ ๋•Œ ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋†’์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œํผ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋”์šฑ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋Œํผ์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ Table 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Poly1~3 ๋Œํผ์™€ SPoly1~3 ๋Œํผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด 0%์—์„œ 10%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ‰๊ท  ์•ฝ 3696.71 kNยทmm๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  10%์—์„œ 20%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 7545.09 kNยทmm๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์  ๋ฐ ๋น„์•ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Poly2 ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด 10% ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ SPoly1๋ณด๋‹ค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ์–‘์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(2)
$ER(\%)=\dfrac{E_{Poly}}{E_{SPoly}}\times 100$

Eq. (2)์˜ $ER$์€ SPoly ๋Œํผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ ์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Poly ๋Œํผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ ์–‘์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋น„์œจ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $E_{Poly}$๋Š” Poly ๋Œํผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ ์–‘์ด๋ฉฐ $E_{SPoly}$๋Š” SPoly ๋Œํผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ ์–‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ• ์–‘์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋Œํผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด 0%์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 72.23%, 10%์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 82.37%, 20%์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 82.95%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ• ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋น„์œจ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ• ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ์–‘์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ์–‘ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8. Residual Displacement of SSMA and Steel Wire: (a) Residual Displacement of Steel Wire, (b) Residual Displacement of SSMA Wire
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2023.43.4.0413/fig8.png
Table 2. Classification of Polyurethane Damper Cases for Structural Test

Classification

Maximum tensile force

($F_{Tens}$, kN)

Maximum compressive force ($F_{Comp}$, kN)

Poly1

83.37

-84.38

Poly2

95.80

-83.26

Poly3

126.51

-126.28

SPoly1

112.71

-118.34

SPoly2

131.19

-132.17

SPoly3

153.25

-148.98

Table 3. Classification of Polyurethane Damper Cases for Structural Test

Classification

Poly1

Poly2

Poly3

SPoly1

SPoly2

SPoly3

Residual displacement ($\triangle D$, mm)

30.20

031.5

31.20

5.50

6.40

6.20

Recovery rate ($R$, %)

23.74

20.45

21.21

86.11

83.84

84.34

Table 4. Classification of Polyurethane Damper Cases for Structural Test

Classification

Poly1

Poly2

Poly3

SPoly1

SPoly2

SPoly3

Energy dissipation capacity

($EDC$, kNยทmm)

12211.50

16491.54

23395.78

16906.94

20020.33

28206.27

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋Œํผ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์„ ํ–‰ ์••์ถ•์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ์› ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ณต์› ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚จ ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ฐœ๋… ์ •๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ƒ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘๋‹ต ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ๋ณ€์œ„, ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ , ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ SPoly ๋Œํผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ Poly ๋Œํผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด SPoly ๋ฐ Poly ๋Œํผ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ๋ณ€์œ„ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ ์€ SPoly ๋Œํผ๊ฐ€ Poly ๋Œํผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์›๋ฅ ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์€ ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์™€์ด์–ด์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ณต์›๋ฅ ์—๋Š” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ SPoly ๋Œํผ๊ฐ€ Poly ๋Œํผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ดˆํƒ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์™€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ํ–‰์••์ถ•์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€์œ„, ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฅ , ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„ ๋Œํผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ ์ค‘๊ฒฌํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์—…(2021R1A2B5B 0200259911)์˜ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์›์— ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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