Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๋ฌธ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์ „์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Pusan National University)
  2. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Pusan National University)


Walking safety satisfaction, Vulnerable pedestrians (Elderly, Disabled), Public facilities, Ordered logit model
๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ, ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž(๋…ธ์ธ, ์žฅ์• ์ธ), ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค, ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ

  •   2.1 ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…

  •   2.2 ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

  •   2.3 ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ

  • 3. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์š”

  •   3.1 ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•

  •   3.2 ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ค์ •

  • 4. ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ถ„์„

  •   4.1 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰

  •   4.2 ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ถ„์„

  •   4.3 ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ถ„์„

  • 5. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋Š” 1,367๋งŒ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 26.8 %๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ น์ž๊ฐ€ 716๋งŒ๋ช…(52.3 %)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด(16.9 %), ์˜์œ ์•„ ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž(16.6 %), ์žฅ์• ์ธ(11.0 %), ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€(3.2 %) ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(2017๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 2019). 2025๋…„์—๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ณ ๋ น์‚ฌํšŒ(์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋งŒ65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด 20 %์ด์ƒ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ)์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 2019). ๊ณ ๋ น์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š•๊ตฌ๋„ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ฝ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋…ธ์ธ, ์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ์ด๋™ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2012๋…„์— ๏ฝข๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ํŽธ์˜ ์ฆ์ง„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๏ฝฃ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ, ์—ฌ๊ฐ์‹œ์„ค, ๋ณดํ–‰์‹œ์„ค ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋ฐ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž ์ด๋™ํŽธ์˜์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ ํ™•์ถฉ์— ํž˜์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ตํ†ต์ธํ”„๋ผ์˜ ์–‘์ ์ธ ํ™•์ถฉ์—๋งŒ ์น˜์šฐ์ณ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋“ฑ์€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „, ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ํ™œ๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™œ๋™์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋…ธ์•ฝ์ž์™€ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•(Ordered Logit Model)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌ์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ

2.1 ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…

๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋ผ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๏ฝข๊ตํ†ต ์•ฝ์ž ์ด๋™ ํŽธ์˜ ์ฆ์ง„๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋ฅผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ, ๊ณ ๋ น์ž, ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€, ์˜์œ ์•„๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋“ฑ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์ด๋™์— ๋ถˆํŽธ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹ ์ฒด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ์žฅ์• ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€์ฒด ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ–‰์— ๋ถˆํŽธ์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์žฅ์• ์ธ, ๊ณ ๋ น์ž, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim and Seo, 2015). ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์ง€์นจ๊ณผ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ ๋“ฑ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณผ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋™์‹œ์— ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ น์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1.

Classification of Vulnerable People Types Based on Kim and Seo(2015)

Figure_KSCE_41_01_08_F1.jpg

2.2 ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ(Ji et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2014; Lee and Kim, 1998; Lee et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2014; Park, 2002), ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค(Jo et al., 2009; Methorst and Horst, 2010; Mateo-Babiano, 2016)๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธ์ง€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee et al., 2016; Manaugh and El-Geneidy, 2011; Park et al., 2009; Rahimiashtiani and Ujang, 2013; Wang et al., 2012; Zainol et al., 2014). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ Lee and Kim(1998)์€ ํ†ตํ–‰๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ํšก๋‹จ๋ณด๋„ ์ˆ˜, ์กฐ๋ช…๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜, ๊ฐ€๋กœ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Ji et al.(2008)๋Š” ๋ณด๋„์œ ๋ฌด, ๋ณด๋„๋…ธํ›„ํ™” ์ •๋„, ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋กœํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ(Lee et al., 2001), ์ƒํ™œ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค(Park, 2002). ์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์€ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋„ํญ, ๋ฒ„์Šค์ „์šฉ์ฐจ์„ ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ธ ๋ฒ„์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Kim et al., 2014). Lee et al.(2014)๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„ ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ณด๋„ํญ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰์ „์šฉ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์พŒ์ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์™ธ์— ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค, ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Jo et al.(2009)๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ „์šฉ๋„๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์—…์ข…์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ, ์ธ๊ทผ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„, ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ์š”์†Œ, ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Methorst and Horst(2010)์€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ น์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ๊นŠ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Mateo- Babiano(2016)๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ธ์ง€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Park et al.(2009)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ์˜ ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์ด๊ณ , ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ, ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ, ์ƒ๋™์„ฑ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Wang et al.(2012)์€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ž์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ(๋ณดํ–‰๋กœ์˜ ์กฐํ™”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ)์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Rahimiashtiani and Ujang(2013)์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์„ฑ, ๋งค๋ ฅ, ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, Zainol et al.(2014)์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์˜์™€ ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์— ์•Œ๋งž์€ ์ •๋„๋กœ์จ ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Manaugh and El-Geneidy(2011)๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜, ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ, ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ, ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Lee et al.(2016)์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณดํ–‰ ์‹œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „, ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ, ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ์ด์›ƒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ตํ†ต์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ(ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ, ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„, ์•ˆ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋“ฑ) ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ(Kim and Yun, 2019)์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ์ฃผ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜(Hong et al., 2015), ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ์ฃผ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Lee, 2008a; Lee, 2008b).

2.3 ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ

๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™œ๋™ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์™ธ์— ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ „๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹ ์ฒด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณดํ–‰์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตํ†ต์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค.

3. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์š”

3.1 ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•

์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•(Ordered logit model)์€ ์œ„๊ณ„(hierarchy)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ˆœ์„œํ™”(ordered)๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์ปค๋“œ ์ฒ™๋„(1=๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ, 2=์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ, 3=๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ, 4=๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ)๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ํšŒ๊ท€์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํšŒ๊ท€์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค(Borooah, 2002; Green, 2008; Kwon, 2016). ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ˆœ์„œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ •๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ(Allison, 2001), j๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ˆ„์ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‹ค(Kwon, 2016; Liu and Agresti, 2005). ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ j ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ์ดํ•˜์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜( Y )์˜ ๋ˆ„์ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์‹ Eq. (1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์‹์€ Eq. (2)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(Agresti, 1996; Kwon and Choi, 2015).

(1)
P ( Y < = j ) = P ( Y * < = U J ) = F ( u j - โˆ‘ k = 1 K ฮฒ k x k )
(2)
log [ P ( Y โ‰ฆ j | x ) 1 - P ( Y โ‰ฆ j | x ) ] = u j - โˆ‘ k = 1 K ฮฒ k x k   ( ๋‹จ ,   j = 1 , 2 ,   โ‹ฏ ,   J - 1 )

๋ฐ˜์‘๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ j ( j >=2)๊ฐœ ์ด๊ณ  1๋ถ€ํ„ฐ J ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆœ์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋ˆ„์ ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ K ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ฮฒ x ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ฉฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„(odds ratio)๋Š” Eq. (3)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆœ์œ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์†ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kwon and Choi, 2015).

(3)
log i t [ P ( Y โ‰ฆ   j | x ) ]   =   ฮฑ j + ฮฒ x ,   ( j = 1 ,   2 ,   โ‹ฏ   ,   J - 1 ) log i t [ P ( Y โ‰ฆ   j | x 1 ) ] - log i t [ P ( Y โ‰ฆ   j | x 2 ) ] = ( P ( Y โ‰ฆ   j | X = x 1 ) / P ( Y >   j | X = x 1 ) P ( Y โ‰ฆ   j | X = x 1 ) / P ( Y >   j | X = x 2 ) )

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” 4๋‹จ๊ณ„(1=๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ, 2=์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ, 3=๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ, 4=๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ˆœ์„œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์„œ๋น„์ŠคํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ SAS 9.4 ํ†ต๊ณ„ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ค์ •

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ 2017๋…„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ „๊ตญ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์€ ๏ฝข๋…ธ์ธ๋ณต์ง€๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋งŒ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ , ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ ๏ฝข์žฅ์• ์ธ๋ณต์ง€๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์ƒ์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ๋“ฑ๋ก์žฅ์• ์ธ(1~6๊ธ‰)๊ณผ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„๋“ฑ๋ก์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธํ‘œ๋ณธ์—๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ์• ์ธํ‘œ๋ณธ์—๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‘๋‹ต์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™, โ€˜์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™, โ€˜๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™, โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์ปค๋“œ ์ฒ™๋„๊ฐ’์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น(AGE), ์„ฑ๋ณ„(GEN), ํ•™๋ ฅ(EDU), ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํ˜•ํƒœ(HT), ์†Œ๋“(INC), ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ(LO)์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ์ œ์–ด๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ์žฅใ†๋Œ€ํ˜•๋งˆํŠธใ†๋ฐฑํ™”์  ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์—…์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(CFS), ๋ณ‘์›ใ†์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณต์ง€์‹œ์„ค ๋“ฑ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(MFS), ์‹œ์ฒญใ†์/๋ฉด/๋™์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œใ†๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ๋“ฑ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(PIS), ๊ทน์žฅใ†๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅใ†๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ใ†๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ ๋ฌธํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(CUS), ๋†€์ดํ„ฐใ†๊ณต์›ใ†๋…น์ง€ใ†์ˆ˜๋ณ€ ๋“ฑ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› ๋ฐ ๋…น์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(PS), ๋ฒ„์Šคใ†์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(PTS)๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ฆฌ์ปค๋“œ ์ฒ™๋„(โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™, โ€˜์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™, โ€˜๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™, โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™)๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋‹ค.

Table 1.

Variables for Analysis

Classification Variables Variable Definitions
Dependent Variables Pedestrian Safety Satisfaction (PSS) 1: very dissatisfied
3: satisfied
2: dissatisfied
4: very satisfied
Independent
Variables
Individual
Characteristics
Age (AGE) respondentโ€™s age
Gender (GEN) 1: male, 0: female
Level of Education (EDU) 1: below or in elementary school
3: high school
2: middle school
4: college or higher
Household
Characteristics
Household Type (HT) 1: single household, 0: other
Income (INC) household income
Location (LO) residential area 1: metropolitan city, 0: other
Public Facilities
Accessibility
Commercial Facilities (CFS) Satisfaction with Accessibility to Facilities
1: very dissatisfactory, 2: dissatisfactory,
3: satisfactory, 4: very satisfactory
Medical Facilities (MFS)
Public Institutions (PIS)
Cultural Facilities (CUS)
Park (PS)
Public Transport (PTS)

4. ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ถ„์„

4.1 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰

๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์€ Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ช…๋ชฉํ˜• ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์—ฐ์†ํ˜• ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ, ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’, ์ตœ์†Ÿ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ(23156๋ช…)๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ(2814๋ช…)์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€˜๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™์ด 71.4 %๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™(14.3 %), โ€˜์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™(13.1 %), โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™(1.2 %) ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋„ โ€˜๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™์ด 67.8 %๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™(16.0 %), โ€˜์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™(14.1 %), โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™(2.1 %)์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋…ธ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.

Table 2.

Descriptive Statistics of Variable

Variables Classification Elderly Disabled
Frequency % Frequency %
PSS 1:very dissatisfactory 276 1.2 60 2.1
2:dissatisfactory 3035 13.1 397 14.1
3:satisfactory 16539 71.4 1907 67.8
4:very satisfactory 3306 14.3 450 16.0
Individual Characteristics GEN 1:male 14940 64.5 1997 71.0
0:female 8216 35.5 817 29.0
EDU 1:below or in elementary school 11595 50.1 1305 46.4
2:middle school 4843 20.9 577 20.5
3:high school 4769 20.6 674 24.0
4:college or more 1949 8.4 258 9.1
Household
Characteristics
HT 1: single household 7792 33.7 954 33.9
0: other 15364 66.3 1860 66.1
LO 1: metropolitan city 9232 39.9 1127 40.1
0: other 13924 60.1 1687 59.9
Public Facilities
Accessibility
CFS 1:very dissatisfactory 1197 5.1 191 6.8
2:dissatisfactory 5993 25.9 738 26.2
3:satisfactory 12501 54.0 1439 51.1
4:very satisfactory 3465 15.0 446 15.9
MFS 1:very dissatisfactory 1319 5.7 221 7.8
2:dissatisfactory 6214 26.8 764 27.2
3:satisfactory 12433 53.7 1433 50.9
4:very satisfactory 3190 13.8 396 14.1
PIS 1:very dissatisfactory 1015 4.4 171 6.1
2:dissatisfactory 5859 25.3 712 25.3
3:satisfactory 13242 57.2 1526 54.2
4:very satisfactory 3040 13.1 405 14.4
CUS 1:very dissatisfactory 2017 8.7 331 11.8
2:dissatisfactory 7941 34.3 947 33.6
3:satisfactory 10992 47.5 1250 44.4
4:very satisfactory 2206 9.5 286 10.2
PS 1:very dissatisfactory 882 3.8 156 5.6
2:dissatisfactory 5442 23.5 637 22.6
3:satisfactory 13183 56.9 1565 55.6
4:very satisfactory 3649 15.8 456 16.2
PTS 1:very dissatisfactory 1085 4.7 177 6.3
2:dissatisfactory 4925 21.3 619 22.0
3:satisfactory 13565 58.6 1553 55.2
4:very satisfactory 3581 15.4 465 16.5
Variables N Mean STD Min Max
Elderly AGE 23156 75.4 6.777 65 102
INC 23156 165.2 152.945 21 2519
Disabled AGE 2814 69.1 12.664 21 98
INC 2814 158.0 145.315 21 1420

์ „์ฒด ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์€ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 75.4์„ธ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 69.1์„ธ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์—ฐ๋ น์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ๋ น์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด 64.5 %, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ 35.5 %์˜€๊ณ , ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด 71.0 %, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด 29.0 %์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™๋ ฅ์€ ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ดˆ์กธ์ดํ•˜์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์€ 50.1 %, ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ 46.4 %๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์กธ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘ 10 %์—๋„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋…ธ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“์€ 165.2๋งŒ์›์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์†Œ๋“์€ 158๋งŒ์›์œผ๋กœ 1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ค‘์œ„์†Œ๋“(175.7์›, Statistics Korea, 2020)๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋…ธ์ธ 1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋Š” 33.7 %, ์žฅ์• ์ธ 1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋Š” 33.9 %๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์—์„œ 1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ(28.5 %, Statistics Korea, 2019)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์ธ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ 39.9 %์˜€๊ณ  ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ 40.1 %์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹œ์žฅใ†๋Œ€ํ˜•๋งˆํŠธใ†๋ฐฑํ™”์  ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์—…์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(CFS)๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ โ€˜๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 54.0 %, 51.1 %๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™, โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™, โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘์›ใ†์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณต์ง€์‹œ์„ค ๋“ฑ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(MFS)๋„ โ€˜๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 53.7 %, 50.9 %์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™, โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™, โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญใ†์/๋ฉด/๋™์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œใ†๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ๋“ฑ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(PIS)๋Š” โ€˜๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 57.2 %, 54.2 %๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทน์žฅใ†๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅใ†๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ใ†๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ ๋ฌธํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(CUS)๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ โ€˜๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 47.5 %, 44.4 %์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, โ€˜์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™์ด 34.3 %, 33.6 %์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์ด โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋†€์ดํ„ฐใ†๊ณต์›ใ†๋…น์ง€ใ†์ˆ˜๋ณ€ ๋“ฑ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› ๋ฐ ๋…น์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(PS)๋Š” โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์€ 72.7 %, ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ 71.8 %๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šคใ†์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(PTS)๋„ โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์€ 74.0 %, ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ 71.7 %์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑโ€™ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์€ 4.7 %, ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ 6.3 %๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4.2 ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๊ฐœ์ธํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์€ Table 3์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, AIC, SC, -2LOGL๊ฐ’์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ˆํŽธ๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ ˆํŽธ๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ์ž‘์•„์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Testing Global Null Hypothesis๋„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์ด ์ ํ•ฉํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Table 4๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์šฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” descendingํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„(odds ratio)๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ(์ฆ‰, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„)์— ์†ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 3.

Model Fit Statistics for the Elderly

Model Fit Statistics Testing Global Null Hypothesis: BETA=0ใ€€
Test Intercept Only Intercept and Covariates Chi-Square DF Pr > ChiSq
Likelihood Ratio 38787.827 34248.146 4563.6808 12 <.0001
Score 38811.977 34368.896 3875.8876 12 <.0001
Wald 38781.827 34218.146 4422.2602 12 <.0001
Table 4.

Maximum Likelihood Estimates and Odds Ratio for Elderly

Variable Elderly
Estimates Standard Error Odds Ratio
Intercept4 -8.200*** 0.2147 -
Intercept3 -3.959*** 0.2073 -
Intercept2 -1.132*** 0.2121 -
AGE 0.012*** 0.0024 1.012
GEN 0.095** 0.0432 1.100
EDU 0.012 0.0179 1.012
HT 0.108** 0.0443 1.114
INC 0.0003*** 0.0001 1.000
LO -0.223*** 0.0318 0.800
CFS 0.152*** 0.0390 1.164
MFS -0.086** 0.0419 0.918
PIS 0.270*** 0.0381 1.309
CUS -0.017 0.0292 0.983
PS 0.833*** 0.0265 2.299
PTS 0.628*** 0.0288 1.874
ใ€€N 23156
R-Square 0.179
Max-Rescaled R-Square 0.220

[i] Note 1. *: P<0.1, **: P<0.05, ***: P<0.01

[ii] Note 2. The results of using descending option of SAS/STAT Userโ€™ Guide (SAS Institue Inc., 1999)

๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์†Œ๋“, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํ˜•ํƒœ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ƒ์—…์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ, ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› ๋ฐ ๋…น์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ, ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— (+)์˜ํ–ฅ์„, ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์€ (-)์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” Lee et al.(2016)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค. 1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก(Lee et al., 2016) ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ง€์—ญ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์ „์šฉ๋„๋กœ, ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์šฐ์„ ๋„๋กœ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด(KOSIS, 2020) ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ์ค„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ์—…์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› ๋ฐ ๋…น์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์— ์ƒ์—…์‹œ์„ค์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋„๋ณด๋กœ ์ด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์„ค์ด์šฉ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์‰ฌ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด, ๋ฏผ์›ํ™œ๋™, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๋œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์—๋„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Lee et al.(2014)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› ๋ฐ ๋…น์ง€์—์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ณต์›, ๋…น์ง€ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ(Choi and Seo, 2016; Kim et al., 2014) ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์—๋„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋„์‹ฌ, ๋ถ€๋„์‹ฌ ๋“ฑ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณณ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํ†ต๊ณผ๊ตํ†ต๊ณผ ์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4.3 ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๊ฐœ์ธํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ Table 5์—์„œ ์ ˆํŽธ๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ ˆํŽธ๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ AIC, SC, -2LOGL๊ฐ’์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ณ , Testing Global Null Hypothesis๋„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์ด ์ ํ•ฉํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Table 6์€ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์šฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” descendingํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด์„์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„(odds ratio)๋Š” ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์†ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 5.

Model Fit Statistics for the Disabled

Model Fit Statistics Testing Global Null Hypothesis: BETA=0ใ€€ใ€€
Criterion Intercept Only Intercept and Covariates Chi-Square DF Pr > ChiSq
AIC 5156.49 4603.76 576.73 12 <.0001
SC 5174.317 4692.89 477.23 12 <.0001
-2 Log L 5150.490 4573.76 566.96 12 <.0001
Table 6.

Maximum Likelihood Estimates and Odds Ratio for the Disabled

Variable Disabled
Estimates Standard Error Odds Ratio
Intercept4 -6.693*** 0.4061 -
Intercept3 -2.784*** 0.3840 -
Intercept2 -0.405 0.3945 -
AGE 0.001 0.0038 1.001
GEN 0.013 0.1100 1.013
EDU -0.115** 0.0509 0.892
HT 0.187* 0.1080 1.205
INC 0.001* 0.0003 1.001
LO -0.146* 0.0868 0.865
CFS 0.051 0.1080 1.053
MFS 0.018 0.1133 1.018
PIS 0.169* 0.0982 1.184
CUS 0.042 0.0760 1.042
PS 0.658*** 0.0672 1.93
PTS 0.757*** 0.0749 2.131
ใ€€N 2814
R-Square 0.186
Max-Rescaled R-Square 0.22107

[i] Note 1. *: P<0.1, **: P<0.05, ***: P<0.01

[ii] Note 2. The results of using descending option of SAS/STAT Userโ€™ Guide (SAS Institue Inc., 1999)

์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ•™๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํ˜•ํƒœ, ์†Œ๋“, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ(Lee et al., 2016) ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค๋„ 1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› ๋ฐ ๋…น์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์—๋„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

5. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก 

์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ฝ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ์™€ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์ฑ…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ, ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š•๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋…ธ์ธ, ์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋…ธ์ธ์€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ 1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋…ธ์ธ์€ ์ƒ์—…์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์œผ๋‚˜, ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ณดํ–‰๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› ๋ฐ ๋…น์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ํšก๋‹น๋ณด๋„ ์„ค์น˜, ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋“ฑ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์ธํ”„๋ผ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์› ๋ฐ ๋…น์ง€, ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋“ค์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„๋ณด๋กœ๋„ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—๋„ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒ์—…์‹œ์„ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž…์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋“ค๋„ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ •๋น„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋™์‹œ์— ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ น์ž๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ตฌ๋“์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค๋กœ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(์‹œ๊ฐ„), ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ด€๋ จ ์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋“ฑ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ถ”ํ›„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต์•ฝ์ž๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2017๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(NRF-2017S1A5A2A01026941).

References

1 
Agresti, A. (1996). An introduction to categorical data analysis, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.
2 
Allison, P. (2001). Logistic regression; Using the SAS system, SAS Institute and Wiley, WA (Wiley-SAS), New York, U.S.A.
3 
Borooah, V. K. (2002). Logit and probit: Ordered and multinominal models, Sage Publication, Thousand Oaks, U.S.A. 10.4135/9781412984829 DOI
4 
Choi, Y. and Seo, M. J. (2016). "Walkability analysis of Busan's urban residential zones." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 2535-2547. 10.1007/s12205-015-0331-2 DOI
5 
Green, W. H. (2008). Econometric analysis (6th Ed), Prentice Hall, New Jersey, U.S.A.
6 
Hong, N. E., Kim, Y. M., Son, C. H., Bak, J. I. and Ban, Y. W. (2015). "Comparative analysis of factors affecting walking satisfaction for the disabled-for the new and old town of Cheongju." Korea Environmental Policy and Administration Society Academic Conference, pp. 185-195 (in Korean).
7 
Ji, W. S., Koo, Y. S. and Jwa, S. H. (2008). A study on satisfaction for pedestrian environment, Gyeonggi-do: Gyeonggi Research Institute (in Korean).
8 
Jo, Y. H., Kim, J. H., Ha, J. M. (2009). "User's satisfaction evaluation of Dongsung pedestrian street in Daegu." Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea-Planning & Design, Vol. 25, No. 6. pp. 197-204 (in Korean).
9 
Kim, B. S. and Seo, W. H. (2015). "Current practice of walkability assessment for seniors and people with disabilities." Transportation Technology and Policy, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 58-65 (in Korean).
10 
Kim, J. J. and Yun, D. S. (2019). "Analyzing factors affection transportation vulnerable's improvement needs of transportation infrastructure -A case study of Daegu metropolitan city-." Journal of Korea Planning Association, Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 56-64 (in Korean). 10.17208/jkpa.2019.10.54.5.56 DOI
11 
Kim, S. H., Park, S. J. and Lee, J. S. (2014). "Meso- or Micro-scale? environmental factors influencing pedestrian satisfaction." Transportation Research Part D, Vol. 30, pp. 10-20 (in Korean). 10.1016/j.trd.2014.05.005 DOI
12 
Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) (2020). Korean statistical information service, Available at: http://kosis.kr/statHtml/ statHtml.do?orgId=315&tblId=TX_315_2009_H1022&conn_path=I3 (Accessed: March 12, 2020) (in Korean).
13 
Kwon, Y. H. (2016). A study on housing choice and housing affordability for elderly households according to social network, Ph.D. Dissertation, Pusan National University (in Korean).
14 
Kwon, Y. H. and Choi, Y. (2015). "A study on housing affordability of elderly households according to household types and housing tenure." Journal of the Korea Society of Civil Engineers, KSCE, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 977-986 (in Korean). 10.12652/Ksce.2015.35.4.0977 DOI
15 
Lee, C. H. (2008a). Strategies for improving the pedestrian's walking environment, Master's Thesis, Hanbat National University (in Korean) (in Korean).
16 
Lee, I. S. and Kim, H. O. (1998). "Pedestrian path- choice behavior in urban residential area: Analysis of environmental satisfaction using GIS." Journal of Korea Planners Association, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 117-129 (in Korean).
17 
Lee, J. H. (2008b). A study on the improvement of walking environment through analysis of daily life of wheelchair users, Master's Thesis, Konkuk University (in Korean).
18 
Lee, S. G., Ko, J. H. and Lee, G. H. (2016). "An analysis of neighborhood environment affecting walking satisfaction-focused on the 'Seoul survey' 2013." Journal of Korea Planning Association, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 169-187 (in Korean). 10.17208/jkpa.2016.02.51.1.169 DOI
19 
Lee, S. G., Lee, Y. S. and Lee, C. K. (2014). "An analysis of street environment affecting pedestrian walking satisfaction for different age groups." Journal of Korea Planning Association, Vol. 49, No. 8, pp. 91-105 (in Korean). 10.17208/jkpa.2014.12.49.8.91 DOI
20 
Lee, S. K., Lee, S. J., Hwang, E. K. and Lee, S. H. (2001). "A study on the analysis of user's satisfaction factors in the commercial streets." Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea: Planning & Design, Vol. 7, No. 9. pp. 245-252 (in Korean).
21 
Liu, I. and Agresti, A. (2005). "The analysis of ordered categorical data: An overview and survey of recent developments." Test, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-73. 10.1007/BF02595397 DOI
22 
Manaugh, K. and El-Geneidy, A. (2011). "Validation walkability indices: How do different households respond to the walkability of their neighborhood." Transportation Research Part D, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 309-315. 10.1016/j.trd.2011.01.009 DOI
23 
Mateo-Babiano, I. (2016). "Pedestrian's needs matters: Examining manila's walking environment." Transport Policy, Vol. 45, pp. 107-115. 10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.09.008 DOI
24 
Methorst, R. and Horst, R. (2010). "Pedestrians's performance and satisfaction." Walk21 Conference, Haque, Netherlands.
25 
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) (2019). The 3rd transportation promotion plan (not porposed) (2017-2021). Sejong, Korea (in Korean).
26 
Park, H. Y. (2002). The study on pedestrian satisfaction due to physical environmental factors in urban area, Master's Thesis, Environment Graduate School in Hanyang University (in Korean).
27 
Park, S. H., Choi, Y. M., Seo, H. L. and Kim, J. H. (2009). "Perception of pedestrian environment and satisfaction of neighborhood walking-an impact study based on four residential communities in Seoul, Korea." Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, Vol. 25, No. 8, pp. 253-261 (in Korean).
28 
Rahimiashtiani, Z. and Ujang, N. (2013). "Pedestrian satisfaction with aesthetic, attractiveness and pleasurability: Evaluating the walkability of chaharagh abbasi street in Isfahan, Iran." International Journal on Sustainable Tropical Design Research & Practice, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 13-22.
29 
SAS Institue Inc. (1999). SAS/STAT User' guide online Doc. Version 8, Cary, NC, USA.
30 
Statistics Korea (2019). Household projections for Korea (2017~ 2047), Statistics Korea (in Korean).
31 
Statistics Korea (2020). Household trend survey, statistics Korea (in Korean).
32 
Wang, W., Li, P., Wang, W. and Namgung, M. (2012). "Exploring determinants of pedestrians' satisfaction with sidewalk environments: Case study in Korea." Journal of Urban Planning and Development, Vol. 138, No. 2, pp. 166-172. 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000105 DOI
33 
Zainol, R., Ahmad, F., Nordin, N. A. and Aripin A. W. M. (2014). "Evaluation of users' satisfaction on pedestrian facilities using pair-wise comparison approach." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 1-6. 10.1088/1755-1315/18/1/012175 DOI