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  1. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฌํšŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜, ๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ (Pusan National University)
  2. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฌํšŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Pusan National University)
  3. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฌํšŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜, ๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ (Pusan National University)


BIM, ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…, ํ† ๊ณต BIM, ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ, ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—… ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด
BIM, Earthwork, Earthwork BIM, Excavator, Earthwork attribute

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  •   1.1 ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

  •   1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  • 2. ๊ด€๋ จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

  • 3. ํ† ๊ณต BIM ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์š”์†Œ

  •   3.1 ํ† ๊ณต BIM ๊ฐœ๋…

  •   3.2 ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์š”์†Œ

  •   3.2.1 ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด

  •   3.2.2 ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด

  •   3.2.3 ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด

  • 4. ํ† ๊ณต BIM ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

  •   4.1 ํ† ๊ณต BIM ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด

  •   4.2 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

  •   4.3 ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

BIM (Building Information Modelling)์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. BIM์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์„œ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. BIM์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์ถ•, ํ† ๋ชฉ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ ๋“ฑ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 4D ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ BIM ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ BIM  ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์ฒญ์€ 2012๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 500์–ต ์ด์ƒ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ BIM์„ ์˜๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ (Kim and Lee, 2014), 2016๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” 100์–ต ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์€ ์˜๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ BIM์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ BIM ์ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” BIM์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” BIM์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ 3D ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. BIM ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์„ญ์„ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ BIM์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. BIM์€ 4D BIM์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต์ •์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋น„์šฉ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ • ์Šค์ผ€์ค„์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ธ BIM์€ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์‹œ๊ณต๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ฑด์„ค๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  BIM์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์‹œ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. BIM์€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์—๋„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต BIM์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ BIM์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์„ 3D ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค.

ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ BIM๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•๊ณผ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ ๋ฌด์ •ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.

1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” BIM ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ† ๊ณตํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต BIM ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์€ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3์ฐจ์›์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋˜ํ•œ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ง„๋„ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” BIM์„ ๋™์ ์ธ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1) BIM ์ ์šฉํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ถ„์„, 2) 3D ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด ์ค€๋น„, 3) ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด ๋ถ„์„, 4) ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5) 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์˜ 5๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋๋‹ค(Fig. 1).

์ฒซ์งธ, BIM ์ ์šฉํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ BIM ์ ์šฉํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ† ๊ณต BIM์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, 3D ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด ์ค€๋น„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต BIM์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 1. Research Procedure

2. ๊ด€๋ จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” BIM์„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ถ„์•ผ BIM ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž, ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ, ์„ค๊ณ„์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์ด BIM์„ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”๊ฑด๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation, 2010). ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํ•œ์ •๋˜์ง€๋งŒ BIM ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ณต์‚ฌ ์ถ”์ง„์‹œ BIM ์ ์šฉ์—…๋ฌด์— ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์ฒญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค์‚ฌ์—… BIM ์ ์šฉ ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์ฒญ ์‹œ์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— BIM ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Public Procurement Service, 2013). ๋ณธ ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์ƒ, BIM ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ž‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ BIM์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ BIM์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. BIM ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด Park et al.(2012)์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด BIM ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์‹ค์ œํ™” ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ BIM ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ BIM ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ BIM ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” BIM ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Lee et al.(2014)์€ BIM๊ณผ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์šด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , IFC ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋งคํ•‘๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „ํ™˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ BIM์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ๊ณต์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์›๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. BIM๊ณผ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ BIM ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, Lee et al.(2012)์€ BIM ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ณต์ • ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ 4D CAD์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Kim et al.(2013)์€ BIM ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• BIM ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฌ์ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฌ์ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ BIM ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋‹ค.

ํ† ๋ชฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ BIM์€ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Seo et al.(2013)์€ ํ† ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ BIM๋ฐœ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ BIM ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ B2D ๋„๋ฉด์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒดํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ BIM๋ชจ๋ธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 2D๋„๋ฉด์„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , BIM ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ’ˆ๊ณผ 2D ๋„๋ฉด์˜ ์ด์ค‘์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Shim et al.(2011)์€ ํŠนํžˆ ํ† ๋ชฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์— BIM์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 3์ฐจ์› ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ๋ชจ๋ธ ์—ฐ๋™๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Cho et al.(2011)์€ ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณต์‚ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์‹œ๊ณต์ค€๋น„๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ์‹œ๊ณต๋‹จ๊ณ„์— BIM์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ˜‘์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ BIM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ฏผ์› ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ง€์—ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์žฅ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋Š” BIM์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ค€๊ณต๋‹จ๊ณ„์—๋„ ์ค€๊ณต๋„์„œ์™€ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋ฐ–์— ํ† ๋ชฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ณต์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์›๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ BIM์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (Kim et al., 2014; Shin et al., 2011). Lee et al.(2012)์€ BIM์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ํ™˜์‚ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ BIM ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด์— ํ™˜์‚ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” BIM์€ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์–ด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ๋ชฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3D BIM์€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•  ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” 3D ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋ชจ๋ธํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3. ํ† ๊ณต BIM ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์š”์†Œ

3.1 ํ† ๊ณต BIM ๊ฐœ๋…

์ผ๋ฐ˜ BIM์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. BIM ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋นŒ๋”ฉ, ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ† ๋ชฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ฅผ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. BIM์€ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค์ผ€์ค„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ BIM๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๋น„ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ˜•ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ๋ฌด์ •ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์‹œ ์„ฑํ† ์™€ ์ ˆํ† ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณ ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ์ง€ํ˜•ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ตด์‚ญ์žฅ๋น„ ์กฐ์ข…์›์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ† ๊ณต BIM์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ 3D BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต BIM์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต BIM์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 1) ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 2) ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ž‘์—…ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3) ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ด๋™์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ GPS๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต BIM ์žฅ๋น„์กฐ์ข…์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ฆ‰, ์žฅ๋น„์กฐ์ข…์›์€ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์ž‘์—…์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„์กฐ์ข…์›์€ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ ˆํ† ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์„ฑํ† ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ† ๊ณต์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž‘์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 2. Overview of Earthwork BIM

3.2 ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์š”์†Œ

ํ† ๊ณต BIM์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด, ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด, ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3D ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋“ฑ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ† ๊ณตํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋Š” GPS ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3D ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 3D ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๊ณผ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์š”์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

3.2.1 ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด

ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด์™€ ํ˜„์žฅ์ •๋ณด์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ† ๋Ÿ‰๋ฐฐ๋ถ„, ์‚ฌํ† ์žฅ, ํ† ์ทจ์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šด๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(Park, 2008). ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ณ„ํš์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3D ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ† ๊ณต BIM์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€๋„์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ํ† ๊ณต ๊ณ„ํš๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

3D ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌํ† ์žฅ, ํ† ์ทจ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์šด๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋“ฑ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ตœ์ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต ๊ณ„ํš๊ณ ๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ค๊ณ„๋„์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค€๋น„๋œ๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต BIM์—์„œ๋Š” ์šด๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋กœ์™€ ํ† ๊ณต๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ† ๊ณต๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํ˜„์ง€์ธก๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์›๊ฒฉํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€ํ˜• ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ์ธก๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ์ง€ํ˜•๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ† ๊ณต BIM์—์„œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค.

3์ฐจ์› ์ง€ํ˜•๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€ํ˜•๋ชจ๋ธ(DTM: Digital Terrain Model)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€ํ˜•๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€ํ˜•๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ GIS์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์‘์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€ํ˜•๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ์ง€์ ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „์‚ฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Lee and Shim(2013)์ด ๋…ผํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€ํ˜•๋ชจ๋ธ์€ 3์ฐจ์› ์ง€ํ˜•ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ˆํ†  ๋ฐ ์„ฑํ† ์™€ ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ•™์  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋“ฑ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์‹œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€ํ˜•๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์œ ํ˜•์—๋Š” 1) ๋ž˜์Šคํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ‘œ๊ณ ๋ชจ๋ธ(DEM, Digital Elevation Model)๊ณผ 2) ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์‚ผ๊ฐ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ(TIN, Triangulated Irregular Network) ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, DEM์€ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ง€์ ์ด ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ๋ž˜ํ‹ฐ์Šค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋ธ”๋ก, ๋‹จ๋ฉด, ํ‘œ๊ณ ์ ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ž˜์Šคํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์•„์Šคํ‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ง€์ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ TIN์€ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜• ์‚ผ๊ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. TIN์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ํ‘œ๊ณ ์ ๋“ค์„ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒน์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ์ž์ดํฌ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค. TIN์—์„œ ๋ณ€์€ ์„ ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ง€์ ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ณณ์€ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. TIN์€ DEM๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ ๋“ค์€ x, y, z๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ ์œ„์ƒ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ TIN์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•์˜ 3์ฐจ์› ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

3.2.2 ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด

๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ž‘์—…ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ตด์‚ญ์žฅ๋น„ ์ค‘ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ถ(Boom), ์•”(Arm), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ„์ผ“(Bucket)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ณ„ ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์‹œ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ถค์ ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ, ์•”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ„์ผ“์€ ์ž‘์—…์ค‘ ์ž‘์—…ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ’์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉด, ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ kinematic ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ๊ถค์ ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3์€ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์ผ“ ๋๋‹จ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ kinematic ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๋น„ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋น„์กฐ์ข…์›์€ 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 3. Configuration of Excavator in 3D Graphic Simulation

3.2.3 ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด

์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ข…์›์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋คํ”„ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋Š” GPS(Global Positioning System)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. GPS๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ๊ณต์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” 24๊ฐœ GPS ์œ„์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ด์˜ค๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋„, ์œ„๋„, ๊ณ ๋„ ๋“ฑ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‹ค. GNSS์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 4๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์†ก์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  X, Y, Z์˜ 3์ฐจ์› ์ขŒํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค(National Geographic Information Institute GNSS Data Service, 2015).

GPS๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑด์„ค์—๋„ ๋„์ž…๋˜์–ด์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์žฅ๋น„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim, 2000). ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„์ž๋™ํ™”์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ธ์‹๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ GPS ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์ถ”์ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์‹œ๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Construction Economy News, 2012). ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตญํ† ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์›์—์„œ๋Š” GPS ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์ถ”์ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Electronic News, 2012).

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ GPS ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ธก์ •์˜ค์ฐจ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ GPS ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ GPS์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” GPS-RTK(Real Time Kinematic) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด GPS-RTK ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด cm ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋Š” GPS๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—”ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—”ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค. GPS-RTK ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตด์‚ญ์žฅ๋น„์— 2๋Œ€์˜ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 4. Coordinate Transformation

์ด๋•Œ Fig. 4๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ขŒํ‘œ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ขŒํ‘œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ขŒํ‘œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์˜ 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

4. ํ† ๊ณต BIM ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

4.1 ํ† ๊ณต BIM ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด

ํ† ๊ณต BIM์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต BIM๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต BIM์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์†์„ฑํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์†์„ฑํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ 3D ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ํ† ๊ณตํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์†์„ฑํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด, ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋คํ”„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” X, Y, Z ์ขŒํ‘œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฐ’์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—… ์ค‘ ์ด๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ† ๊ณต BIM์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋™ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ฐ’์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—”ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—”ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. GPS๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—”ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 2๋Œ€์˜ GPS ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ •๋ณด, ํ† ๊ณต๋ฉด์ , ์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ณ , ๊ณ„ํš๊ณ , ์ ˆํ† ๋Ÿ‰, ์„ฑํ† ๋Ÿ‰, ์ฐจ์ธํ† ๋Ÿ‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ํ† ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ •๋ณด, ํ† ๊ณต๋ฉด์ , ์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ณ , ๊ณ„ํš๊ณ ๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต BIM์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ† ๊ณต์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ„ํšํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์— ์ ˆํ† ๋Ÿ‰, ์„ฑํ† ๋Ÿ‰, ์ฐจ์ธํ† ๋Ÿ‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ํ† ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค.

์…‹์งธ, ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋ถ๊ฐ๋„, ์•”๊ฐ๋„, ๋ฒ„ํ‚ท๊ฐ๋„, ๋™์ฒด๊ฐ๋„ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋ถ, ์•”, ๋ฒ„ํ‚ท, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์ฒด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” X, Y, Z GPS ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—”ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ GPS๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” GPS ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” GPS๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ† ๊ณตํ˜„์žฅ์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ GPS์—์„œ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 5. ERD Diagram for Database

4.2 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

ํ† ๊ณต BIM์—์„œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์žฅ, ์กฐํšŒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…ํ›„์— ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต BIM์˜ ์†์„ฑ๊ฐ’์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์†์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ €์žฅ๋œ ๊ฐ’์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถค์ ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•„์š”์‹œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ 3D ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

ํ† ๊ณต BIM์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ERD (Entity Relation Diagram)์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒํ˜ธ์—ฐ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์˜ ์ €์žฅ๊ณผ ์กฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ค„์ง„๋‹ค(Fig. 5). ERD๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฃผํ‚ค(primary key)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ฃผํ‚ค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ERD๋Š” ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์ธ SQL์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด์„œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋๋‹ค.

4.3 ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์น˜์ง€๋„๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—… ์ด์ „ ํ† ๊ณต์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํš๊ณ ๋Š” ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์‹œ ์ ˆํ†  ๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑํ† ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ง€ํ˜•์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ ˆํ† ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์„ฑํ† ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค.

Fig. 6์€ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ž„์˜๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฑํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋„๋ก ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ณต BIM์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด์€ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ๋คํ”„ํŠธ๋Ÿญ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ kinematic ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์žฅ๋น„ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋คํ”„ํŠธ๋Ÿญ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๋คํ”„ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋œ ํ† ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ž‘์—…ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

PIC59F.gif

(a) Excavating

PIC707.gif

(b) Loading

Fig. 6. Prototype Image of Earthwork BIM

ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ ์žฅ๋น„์กฐ์ข…๊ณผ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์žฅ๋น„์กฐ์ข… ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ ์‹ค์ œํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์•ผํ™•๋ณด๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํ† ๊ณต BIM ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AR(Augmented Reality) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ข…์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋คํ”„ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ๊ฐ„ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์žฅ๋น„ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œตํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„ ๊ด€์ œ์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ† ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‹จ ํ† ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ด์™ธ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด์™ธ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ† ๊ณต์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ดํ•‘ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ BIM๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ† ๊ณต BIM์€ 3D ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ์„ค์น˜ ๋“ฑ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค ์ˆ™๋ จ๊ณต์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„ ์กฐ์ข…์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€์›์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„ ๊ด€์ œ์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ† ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‹จ ํ† ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ˆ™๋ จ ์žฅ๋น„ ์กฐ์ข…์›๋ฟ ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™๋ จ ์žฅ๋น„์กฐ์ข…์›๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ† ๊ณต์ •๋ณด์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๋น„์กฐ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตด์‚ญ๊ธฐ, ๋คํ”„ํŠธ๋Ÿญ, ๋„์ € ๋“ฑ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง๊ณผ ํ† ๊ณต๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” 3D ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋‚ด์‹คํ—˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€/๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์› ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์ง€์›(14SCIP-B079690-01)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

References

1 
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