Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. K-water์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ฑ…์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (K-Water Institute (KWI))


์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜, ๊ตด์ฐฉ, ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด, ๋ชจํ˜•์‹คํ—˜, ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š
Soft ground, Excavation, Earth retaining wall, Model test, Bearing pile

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ๋ชจํ˜•์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜

  •   2.1 ๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ

  •   2.2 ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ

  •   2.3 ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š

  •   2.4 ๊ณ„์ธก์žฅ์น˜

  • 3. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํš

  •   3.1 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  •   3.2 ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณ„ํš

  • 4. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

  •   4.1 ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์นจํ•˜

  •   4.2 ํ† ์••

  •   4.3 ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••

  •   4.4 ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

  • 5. ๊ณ  ์ฐฐ

  •   5.1 ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰

  •   5.2 ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•

  •   5.3 ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์นจํ•˜์œจ

  •   5.4 ํ† ์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ

  • 6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๊ตญํ†  ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด ํ•ด์•ˆ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งค๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ถ€์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋ฆฝ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋ถ€์ง€์— ๊ฐ์ข… ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณต์‚ฌ ์‹œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€ํ•˜ํ„ฐํŒŒ๊ธฐ(๊ตด์ฐฉ)๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ๊ตด์ฐฉ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฉด ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™(์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ณ€์œ„)ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์—๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜ํŒŒ๊ดด(์นจํ•˜)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ถ€์—๋Š” ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํ† ์••์˜ ์ด๋™์œผ๋กœ ์œต๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค(Fig. 1).

์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฒ„ํŒ€ ๋ณด๋‚˜ ์–ด์Šค์•ต์ปค๋กœ ์ง€์ง€๋œ ์—„์ง€๋ง๋š๊ณผ ํ† ๋ฅ˜ํŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์„ฑ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ

ํ™๋ง‰์ด๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์ด ์ž‘์•„ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์–ด ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์นจํ•˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ง€์ค‘์—ฐ์†๋ฒฝ(diaphragm wall)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠธ๋ Œ์น˜ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋ณ€ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ƒ์žฌํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Hong et al., 2006; 2007)๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์–ด์Šค์•ต์ปค๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„ํŒ€๋ณด๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด ์„ค์น˜ํ›„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜(๋„๋กœ)์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์™€ ์ธ์ ‘ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. Fig. 2๋Š” ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํ„ฐํŒŒ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ›„๋„๋กœ์˜ ์นจํ•˜๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ๋„๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€ํ•˜์— ๋งค์„ค๋œ ์ƒํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„, ์ „๊ธฐ, ํ†ต์‹  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ด€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ(Life Line)์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋ถˆํŽธ๋„ ์•ผ๊ธฐ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ž‘์—… ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ๋„ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 1. Ground Deformation by Excavation

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Fig. 2. Road Failure by Excavation

ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก๋ฐฉํ† ์••์€ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•, ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์™€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด, ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด, ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ, ๊ตฌ์†์กฐ๊ฑด, ์‹œ๊ณต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ์••์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Tergahi and Peck (1948; 1967) ๋ฐ Tschebotarioff (1973)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณต์‹์ด ๊ตด์ฐฉํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณ„์ธก(Juran and Elias (1991)์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด(Chandasekaran and King, 1974; Finno and Harahop, 1991)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ž˜์—๋Š” Sidney (2010), Lei et al. (2012)์ด ์›์‹ฌ๋ชจํ˜• ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ƒ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™œ๋™์˜์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง๋š์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์žฌํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ต์ง€์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ •์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ (Ito et al., 1981; 1982; Jeong et al., 2003; Lee 2005), ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” 1g ์ง„๋™๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์˜ ๋‚ด์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ• ํšจ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Han et al., 2011). ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์˜ ํ™œ๋™๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ณ  ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ์„ฑํ† ์‹œ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก๋ฐฉ์œ ๋™ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim, 2011).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์–ต์ง€๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ์™€ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ต์ง€ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๋ชจํ˜•์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜

2.1 ๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ

๊ธˆ๋ฒˆ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๋ชจํ˜•์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ๋Š” 100cm ร— 80cm ร— 40cm์˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์— ์™ธ๋ฒฝ์€ ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด 15mm๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘ ๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ฐ•์ œํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์Œ๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 3์€ ๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„์ด๋‹ค. ํ† ์กฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์—๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฌผํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ์™€ ๋ฌผํƒฑํฌ์— ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ ํ†  ์ถฉ์ง„ ํ›„ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฌํ•˜ํŒ(80cm ร— 40cm)๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ Control Panel์ด ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2.2 ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ

๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ๋‚ด ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ํ›„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ญํ•™์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

2.3 ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š

๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ชจํ˜• ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋Š” stainless ์žฌ์งˆ(t=0.5mm)๋กœ 60cm ร— 40cm์˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ์กฐ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์—์„œ 20cm ์ด๊ฒฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์–ด์Šค์•ต์ปค๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„ํŒ€๋ณด๋Š” ์‹ค๋‚ด๋ชจํ˜• ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์ƒ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, ์–ต์ง€๋Œ€์ฑ… ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•  ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์€ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์žฌ์งˆ๋กœ ์ง๊ฒฝ 1์ธ์น˜(2.54cm), ๋‘๊ป˜ 0.5mm, ๊ธธ์ด 60cm์˜ ์ค‘๊ณต๋‹จ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

PIC4BF.jpg

0000.jpg

                 Side View                                        Front View

(a) Chamber

(b) Mimetic Diagram

Fig. 3. Chamber Concept

Table 1. Result of Laboratory Soil Tests

Depth

(m)

Wn

(%)

Gs

Atterberg

Limits

Grain Size

Distribution %, Finer than

Unconfind Comp.

Strength 

UU

Consolidation Test

U.S.C.S

LL

(%)

PL

(%)

#4

#10

#40

#200

qu

(kPa)

qr

(kPa)

St

Cuu

(kPa)

Pc

(kPa)

Cc

3.0~3.8

34.6

2.70

35.5

16.2

100.0

100.0

91.2

77.8

62.0

-

-

32.1

97.0

0.234

CL

4.5~5.3

31.1

2.71

45.1

27.5

100.0

100.0

99.6

96.3

87.7

-

-

45.9

170.0

0.183

CL

2.4 ๊ณ„์ธก์žฅ์น˜

Fig. 4๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฒˆ ์‹ค๋‚ด์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•ํ† ์กฐ๋‚ด ๊ณ„์ธก๊ธฐ ์„ค์น˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชจํ˜•์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ณ€์œ„๊ณ„(LVDT)๋ฅผ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์—์„œ 8cm, 28cm, 48cm ์ด๊ฒฉํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์ด 3๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” 0โˆผ100mm์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์€ 0.01mm์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•ํ† ์กฐ ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 10๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ† ์••์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด ํ›„๋ฉด(๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด)์— ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด ์ตœ์ƒ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10cm, 25cm, 40cm, 50cm ์œ„์น˜์— 4๊ฐœ์†Œ, ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด ์ „๋ฉด(๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฉด)์—๋Š” ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด ์ตœ์ƒ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 40cm, 50cm์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ํ† ์••๊ณ„ 2๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ์ ‘์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ์••๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•  ์œ„์น˜์—๋Š” ์‚ฌํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ›„ ์ „์šฉ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ…Œ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ 1์ฐจ๋กœ ์‹ค๋งํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญํ…Œ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” 0โˆผ200kPa์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” 5.0m๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ๊ฑฐ(CR1000)์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ 10๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ์••๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ์••๊ณ„์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ›„๋ฉด์— 10cm ์ด๊ฒฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ธก์€ ๋ชจํ˜•์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋‹จ์—์„œ 20cm, 40cm, 60cm ์œ„์น˜์— 3๊ฐœ์†Œ, ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ธก์€ ๋ชจํ˜•์ง€๋ฐ˜์ƒ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 50cm, 60cm์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— 2๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” 0โˆผ200kPa์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ๊ฑฐ(CR1000)์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ 10๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ์ง์ ‘ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธก์ •์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ง์‹ค๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์„ฌ์œ ๋ง๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ง„ ํ‘œ์ค€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ธฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์นจ์‹œ์ผœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ๊ณ„์ธก๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์„  ์šฐ๋ ค์™€ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฉด์ธก์€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๊ณ„ํš์„ (ํ† ์กฐ์ƒ๋‹จ์—์„œ 40cm) ํ•˜๋ถ€์—๋งŒ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํš

PIC6D4.png

PIC6E5.png

(a) Non-Reinforcement

(b) Reinforcement

Fig. 4. Measuring Instrument (Scale : None)

3.1 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ชจํ˜•์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

1)ํ† ์กฐ ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์•• ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ง„ ํ‘œ์ค€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ 5cm ํฌ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ๋ถ€์งํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2)ํ† ์กฐ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ์กฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์— ์˜ค์ผ์„ ๋„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๋‹ ๋žฉ์„ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

3)ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ์ ํ† ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ† ์กฐ๋‚ด์— ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, ์ ํ†  ์ถฉ์ง„๊ณผ ๋‹ค์ง์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์กฐ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋กœ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ง์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

4)๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ๋‚ด ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

PIC85D.jpg

Fig. 5. Clay Filling

5)ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑฐ๋™๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ† ์••๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจํ˜•์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ›„ ์••์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ๋‚ด ์ ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ฉํŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ชฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••๊ณ„๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

6)๊ณ ์ •์šฉ ํ•ฉํŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ชฉ์€ ์†Œ์ •์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

7)๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ ์ƒ๋‹จ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•œ ๋’ค ์ƒ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ณ„์ธก์„ ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์ƒ์žฌ ํ•˜์ค‘ํŒ(80cmร—40cm)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 100Kpa ์••๋ ฅ์„ 10๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํ•˜์ค‘์žฌํ•˜์™€ ์ œํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ 50์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹ค์งํ•œ๋‹ค.

8)๊ฐ€์••ํŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์ง์„ ์™„๋ฃŒ ํ›„ ์ƒ๋ถ€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ณ€์œ„๊ณ„(LVDT)๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ† ์••๊ณ„, ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••๊ณ„ ๊ณ„์ธก์„ ์„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ๊ฑฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

9)์ง€๋ฐ˜์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ 50์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„์••๋ฐ€์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

10)์˜ˆ๋น„์••๋ฐ€๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜• ํ† ์กฐ์™€ ํƒฑํฌ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

11)๊ตด์ฐฉ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌผํ†ต์˜ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ž ๊ทธ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฑ„์›Œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ต์ง€๋Œ€์ฑ… ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ด๋•Œ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

12)๊ตด์ฐฉ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์นจํ•˜, ํ† ์••, ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณ„ํš

์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ์–ต์ง€๋Œ€์ฑ…๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ 10cm ์”ฉ ๊ตด์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 4๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตด์ฐฉ์€ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋˜๋„๋ก ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 20์—ฌ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์œ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋งŒ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์–ต์ง€๋Œ€์ฑ…์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์™€ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ธก์œผ๋กœ 10cm ์ด๊ฒฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์„ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

PIC109B.jpg

PIC1223.jpg

(a) Non-Reinforcement

(b) Reinforcement

Fig. 6. Scene of Excavation (3th. Ex)

4.1 ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์นจํ•˜

๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์€ Fig. 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Fig. 6(a)์˜ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ Fig. 6(b)์˜ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉํ›„ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ „๋„๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•์€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ „๋„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ํญ์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์นจํ•˜ ๊ณ„์ธก๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 7(a) and Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ตด์ฐฉํ›„ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ›„ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์งํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ์นจํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ง€์ ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋Š” 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉํ›„ ์•ฝ 240์—ฌ๋ถ„ํ›„์— ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ „๋„๋˜์–ด ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด 1๋ฒˆ LVDT๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธก์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  2๋ฒˆ, 3๋ฒˆ LVDT๋งŒ ๊ณ„์ธก์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด 1๋ฒˆ LVDT๋Š” 1๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด 0.13mm, 2๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 21.13mm, 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด 89.35mm๋กœ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์™€ 28cm ์ด๊ฒฉ๋œ 2๋ฒˆ LVDT์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 24.98mm, 3๋ฒˆ LVDT๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์•ฝ 15.0mm๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, 1๋ฒˆ LVDT๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธก ํ—ˆ์šฉ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ๊ณ„์ธก์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 7(b)๋Š” ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. 1๋ฒˆ LVDT์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด 4.88mm, 2๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ 15.25mm, 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ 28.33mm, 4๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ 59.28mm๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 4๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉํ›„ 290๋ถ„ํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธก์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ „๋„๋œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ LDVT ์ธก์ •๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ซ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. 2๋ฒˆ LVDT์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 16.37mm, 3๋ฒˆ LVDT์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 11.82mm๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 1๋ฒˆ๊ณผ 2๋ฒˆ LVDT ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜์‹œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‹ค.

์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋Š” 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด 89.35mm๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” 4๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด 59.28mm๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 30.0mm ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 1.5๋ฐฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜์ด 28.33mm์˜ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฐ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

PIC12EF.gif

PIC137D.gif

(a) Non-Reinforcement

(b) Reinforcement

Fig. 7. Result of Settlement

Table 2. Result of Settlement (Unit : mm)

Classification

Sensor

1st. EX (10cm)

2nd. EX (20cm)

3rd. EX (30cm)

4th. EX (40cm)

Initial

Final

Initial

Initial

Initial

Final

Initial

Final

Normal

LVDT-1

-

0.13

17.5

21.13

89.33

89.35

LVDT-2

-

0.1

11.43

13.28

24.68

24.98

LVDT-3

-

0.07

6.37

7.25

14.80

15.00

Reinforcement 

LVDT-1

-

4.88

12.63

15.25

25.73

28.33

57.33

59.28

LVDT-2

-

1.02

5.67

6.35

10.87

11.67

16.05

16.37

LVDT-3

-

0.07

4.82

4.82

8.62

8.95

11.75

11.82

PIC14A6.gif

PIC1524.gif

(a) Non-Reinforcement

(b) Reinforcement

Fig. 8. Result of Soil Pressure

4.2 ํ† ์••

Fig. 8์€ ํ† ์••๊ณ„์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 8(a)๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ์˜ ํ† ์••๊ณ„์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ธก์˜ ํ† ์••๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋‹จ์˜ 1๋ฒˆ ํ† ์••๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ† ์••์ด ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ํ›„ ์•ฝ 7kpa๋Œ€์˜ ํ† ์••์ด ์•ฝ 20kpa๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์นจํ•˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹จ์˜ 1๋ฒˆ ํ† ์••๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ํ† ์••์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ† ์••์€ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตด์ฐฉ ์ธก ํ† ์••๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฉด ์งํ•˜๋‹จ์ธ 5๋ฒˆ ํ† ์••๊ณ„๋Š” 1์ฐจ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 2์ฐจ์™€ 3์ฐจ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ† ์••์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , 6๋ฒˆ ํ† ์••๊ณ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ† ์••์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ธก์€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ† ์••์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฉด ์ธก์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„œ๋ก (Fig. 1)์—์„œ ์ „์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตด์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ธก ํ† ์••์ด ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฉด ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์€ ์••์ถ•๋˜๊ณ  ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฉด ์ธก์€ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ๋˜์–ด ์œต๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์–ด ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ด์™„๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 8(b)๋Š” ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ† ์••๊ณ„์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ† ์••์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ธก์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ 4๋ฒˆ ํ† ์••๊ณ„์˜ ํ† ์••์ด ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 5Kpa ๋Œ€์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํ† ์••๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 20Kpa์—์„œ 15Kpa๋กœ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ์••์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ตด์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์••์ถ•๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์„ค์น˜๋กœ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด ์ธก ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ถ€์ธ 4๋ฒˆ ํ† ์••๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ์„ค์น˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์–ต์ง€ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

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(a) Non-Reinforcement

(b) Reinforcement

Fig. 9. Result of Pore Pressure

4.3 ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••

Fig. 9๋Š” ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์•• ๊ณ„์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์€ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ์™€ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 9(a)๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์•• ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ† ์กฐ ์ƒ๋‹จ์—์„œ 30cm ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ถ€์œ„์— ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์œ„์น˜์˜ 1๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์ด 3~4kpa์—์„œ -2~-3kpa๋กœ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ์งํ•˜๋‹จ์˜ 2๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์€ 12kpa์—์„œ 8kpa๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••๊ณ„ ์„ค์น˜ ๋†’์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํ—˜๋„์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 5kpa ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 9(b)๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹œ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์•• ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์ด ์•ฝ 5Kpa๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ์†Œ์‚ฐ์€ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€๋Š” ํฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

4.4 ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

๊ตด์ฐฉ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ›„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ •์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํ™•์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ํ™•์ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ดฌ์˜์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์บ๋“œ ๋„๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 10(a)๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ํ›„ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ „๋„๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. 1๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์ดˆ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์ „๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ 33.3mm ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 2๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ 103.63mm, 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ „๋„๋˜์–ด ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ 200mm ์ด์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 10(b)๋Š” ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 1๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ 10.32mm, 2๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ 35.74mm, 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ 64.56mm, 4๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์›์œ„์น˜์—์„œ 131.64mm๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ์™€ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ์˜ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 11์€ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ํ›„ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ง์ „์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹น์ดˆ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋Š” 0mm ์ง€์ ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ 1๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ํ›„ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ 2๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—๋Š” ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฉด์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์•ฝ 10cm๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‹ค. 2๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐํ›„์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํšก๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด์ด 6~7๊ฐœ ์ •๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋„ ์›์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ „๋„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ํญ์ด ์ปค์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 12๋Š” ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ 10cm ์ด๊ฒฉ๋œ ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰ ์›์€ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ํšก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์–‘์ƒ์ด๋‹ค.

5. ๊ณ  ์ฐฐ

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(a) Non-Reinforcement

(b) Reinforcement

Fig. 10. Displacement of Wall (Unit : mm)

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(a) Excavation (1st)

(b) Excavation (2nd)

(c) Excavation (3rd)

Fig. 11. Crack Scene (Non-Reinforcement)

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(a) Excavation (1st)

(b) Excavation (2nd)

(c) Excavation (3rd)

(d) Excavation (4th)

Fig. 12. Crack Scene (Reinforcement)

5.1 ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰

Fig. 13์€ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 1๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋ฐ 2๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ 3๋‹จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹œ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์—์„œ ์•ฝ 30cm ์ด๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋‹ค.

5.2 ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•

ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด, ์‹œ๊ณต์กฐ๊ฑด, ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ˆœ์„œ, ์‹œ๊ณต๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋Ÿ‰ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ธก์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Goldberg et al. (1976)์€ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ณ€์œ„๋Š” ๊ตด์ฐฉ๊นŠ์ด์˜ 0.5%๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ณ€์œ„๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด์˜ 0.2%๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ณ€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Clough๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Clough and O'Rourke (1990)์€ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋ณ€์œ„๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๊นŠ์ด์˜ 0.5%์ด๋‚ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด์˜ 0.2%๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 14๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 0.5% ์ •๋„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์–ต์ง€๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 0.2%์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

PIC1A22.gif

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(a) Non-Reinforcement

(b) Reinforcement

Fig. 13. Settlement for Distance from Wall

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Fig. 14. Wall Displacement by Excavation Depth

Fig. 15. Settlement Ratio

5.3 ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์นจํ•˜์œจ

Peck (1969)์€ H-๋ง๋š ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋„๋ง๋š ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ด ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ธก๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์นจํ•˜์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์กฐ๊ฑดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์นจํ•˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด์˜ 4~5๋ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด์˜ 1/2๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 15๋Š” ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒฉ๋œ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฌด์ฐจ์›ํ™” ์‹œ์ผœ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์นจํ•˜์œจ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๊ฒฉ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ ์นจํ•˜์œจ์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด์—์„œ ์นจํ•˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด์˜ 4~5๋ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 2๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ• LVDT3 ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด์˜ 1/2์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

5.4 ํ† ์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 16์€ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋‚ด ํ† ์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚ด์˜ ํ† ์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ €๋ฉด์˜ ํ† ์••์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ธก์˜ ๊ตด์ฐฉํ•˜๋ถ€๋Š” Rankine์˜ ์ฃผ๋™ํ† ์••์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„  Terzaghi- Peck์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์˜ ์–ต์ง€ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ† ์••์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ €๋ฉด ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๋™ํ† ์••์€ PIC21B8.gifPIC2284.gif(์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Ka:์ฃผ๋™ํ† ์••, r:๋‹จ์œ„์ค‘๋Ÿ‰, H:๋†’์ด)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ €๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์žฌํ•˜์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ PIC22F2.gifPIC2351.gif๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC23A0.gif

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(a) Non-Reinforcement

(b) Reinforcement

Fig. 16. Soil Pressure Compassion

6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตด์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ต์ง€๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์„ ์ ์šฉ ํ›„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ์™€ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋‚ด์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1)๊ตด์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š๋ณด๊ฐ• ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ ์  ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ์•ฝ 1.5๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋‹จ๊ณ„(3๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตด์ฐฉ)์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(2)๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••๊ณ„์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋†’์€ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 5kpa ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹œ์™€ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

(3)์นจํ•˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด์˜ 2๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ํ™๋ง‰์ด๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊นŠ์ด์˜ 1/2์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ๊ฐ€ Clough and O'Rourke (1990)์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์‹์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚ด๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(4)์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ† ์••์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ, ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉด์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ์ ์šฉ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹œ ์–ต์ง€๋ง๋š ์ ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ œ์•ˆ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” K-water์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ํ•ด์•ˆ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์••๋ฐ€์นจํ•˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋Œ€์ฑ… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

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