Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. *์ค‘์•™๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ()
  2. **์ค‘์•™๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผโ€ค์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • ()
  3. ***์ค‘์•™๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผโ€ค๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • ()


๋น„ํŒŒ๊ดด์‹œํ—˜, ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์‹œํ—˜, ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜, ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์‹œํ—˜, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ, ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์„ผ์„œ
NDT, Seismic tests, Resonance test, Surface-wave test, Microphone, Non-contact sensor

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ

  • 3. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

  •   3.1 ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ์ด๊ฒฉ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

  •   3.2 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ค์น˜ ๋†’์ด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

  •   3.3 ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

  •   3.4 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์Œ ํšจ๊ณผ

  • 4. ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์—ญ๋ณ€ํ™˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ, ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

  • 5. ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ

  •   5.1 ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜

  •   5.2 ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋Œ์—์„œ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜

  •   5.3 ๊ณ ์†์ „์ฒ  ๋…ธ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์ง์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜

  •   5.4 ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• 

  • 6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ์†๋„๋Š” ํ† ๋ชฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™์  ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์–ด ์™”๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋‚ด์ง„ํ•ด์„, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋น„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ๋„๋กœ๋…ธ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ฒ ๋„๋…ธ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์ง๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋งค๊น€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ „ํŒŒ์†๋„์˜ ์ธก์ •, ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์†๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋“ฑ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค(Joh, et al., 1994, 2008; Rix and Stokoe, 1989; Bueno, et al., 1999; Terrel et al., 2003). ์ด์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋น„ํŒŒ๊ดด ํ‰๊ฐ€, ํ† ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์ง๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์— ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์†๋„์˜ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ž์ฒด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด์™ธ์— ์‹ค์šฉ์„ฑ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ธก์ •์€ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ ๋งค์งˆ์— ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ํ–ฅํ›„์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ธก์ •์€ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”, ์ด๋™ ์ค‘ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋™์‹ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์ง์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ง€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก์ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ์ง€์ ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œํ—˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋†“์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ด๋™์‹ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ด๋™์‹์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์„ผ์„œ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค(Ryden, et al. 2006; Zhu, 2005; Zhu and Popovics, 2005, 2006). ํ›„์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ๋Š” RDD (Rolling Dynamic Deflectometer; Bay, 1995)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์ง์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œํ—˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹ค์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ด๋™์‹ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ์„œ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ˜• ์Œ์„ฑ์šฉ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ธก์ •์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ง ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‹ค์ง ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฒด๋งค์งˆ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ ˆ์ดํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Ewing (1957)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Ewing์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋งค์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฌด์‹œํ• ๋งŒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณ ์ฒด๋งค์งˆ์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‹  ์œ ์ฒด์™€ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฌดํ•œ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋™์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•ก์ฒด์™€ ๊ณ ์ฒด ๋งค์งˆ์ด ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์—ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ถœ ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ ˆ์ดํŒŒ (leaky Rayleigh waves)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Viktorov (1967)๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์œ ์ฒด์™€ ๊ณ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฌดํ•œ์ฒด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Zhu (2005)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , Fig. 1์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์ถœ ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ ˆ์ดํŒŒ์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

ํ•œํŽธ, Larson ๋“ฑ(2005)์€ ์ง€๋ขฐํƒ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ ˆ์ดํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Nils์™€ Ryden (2009)์€ ์ด๋™์‹ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์žฅ์ธต์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, Zu์™€ Popovics (2005)๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ์‹œํ—˜(Sansalone and Carino, 1986)๊ณผ SASW ์‹œํ—˜(Stokoe et al., 1994) ๋“ฑ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹œํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ ๋งค์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

PIC763A.gif

Fig. 1. Image of pressure propagation in fluid and stress-wave propagation in solid (Zhu, 2005)

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹œํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ ๋งค์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 

 

3. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์ด ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์šฉ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์„ค์ •์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ง„์›๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ๋†’์ด, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์Œ(้ฎ้Ÿณ) ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.  

๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์‹œํ—˜์„ค์ •์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋‘๊ป˜ 30cm์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  P-ํŒŒ ์†๋„๋Š” 3,225m/sec์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์„ฑ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ฝ˜๋ด์„œํ˜•์‹์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ง๊ฒฝ 3cm, ๊ธธ์ด 6.9cm์˜ ์ œ์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 40~12,000Hz์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ์šฉ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3.1 ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ์ด๊ฒฉ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„๋‚˜ ์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‹ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์—์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์ด ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ฒฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์Œ์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋งค์งˆ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์— ํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋งค์งˆ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ „ํ•ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ถœ ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ ˆ์ดํŒŒ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋งค์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ์ด๊ฒฉ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30cm ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด๊ฒฉ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Fig. 2์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

PIC76A9.jpg

PIC76AA.jpg

(a) accelerometer

(b) microphone

Fig. 2. Effect of source offset on the quality of microphone signals

Fig. 2์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์›Œ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 5,000Hz ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ํŒŒ๋™์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์  ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•ฝ 5,0000Hz ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ 5,000Hz ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งค์งˆ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์˜จ ํ•ด๋จธ์˜ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์Œ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์–ด ๋ˆ„์ถœ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.   

Fig. 2์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋จธ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํŠน์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(Fig. 2์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 5,000Hz) ์ดํ•˜์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•ด๋จธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Œ€์—ญ์ด ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ํ•ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋‚ด์—(Fig. 2์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์•ฝ 5~10cm) ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๋จธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ํŒŒ์•…์—์„œ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค.

3.2 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ค์น˜ ๋†’์ด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

ํ•ด๋จธ์˜ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ๋Š” ๋งค์งˆ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ง„๋™์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง„๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜์–ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ๋†’์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์–ด, ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ง„๋™์˜ ์ธก์ •์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์ตœ์  ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์€ ์ผ์ • ๋†’์ด์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์›ํ†ต ์œ„์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์›ํ†ต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋จธ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ „ํŒŒํŠน์„ฑ๋งŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋Š” 0.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7, 8.5cm ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘ 6๊ฐœ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋†’์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ Fig. 3์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.   

Fig. 3์— ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ํŒŒ์›Œ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋˜์–ด ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 2์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋˜ 5,600Hz์˜ ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ Fig. 3์—์„œ๋„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋‹จ์ผ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ง„๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋” ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 3์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋Š” 3.5~10cm ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜๋ฉฐ, 3.5cm ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 3. Effect of microphone elevation on the quality of signals

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Fig. 4. Effect of source type on the quality of microphone signals

ํ•œํŽธ, ๋งค์งˆ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ง„๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์†๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.  

3.3 ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์˜ ์ธก์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํŠน์ • ํ•ด๋จธ์™€ ์‹œํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ฒด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ํ•ด๋จธ์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ, ํ•ด๋จธ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญํ•œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ† ์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋„“์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์™€ ํ•ด๋จธ์žฌ์งˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋„ค๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋น„๊ต์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 5,600Hz์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ํ•ด๋จธ๋Š” Fig. 4์— ๋„์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 0.37, 0.64kg์˜ ๊ธˆ์†์žฌ์งˆ ํ•ด๋จธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐœ์ง„์›๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ž‘๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ธก์ •๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์ด ๋” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, 0.37kg์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ํ•ด๋จธ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ง„๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์—๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 5. Effect of microphone insulation on the quality of signals

3.4 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์Œ ํšจ๊ณผ

๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์••์„ ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ์„œ, ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋งค์งˆ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ง„๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์••๋งŒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋งค์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ, ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 5์— ์ฐจ์Œ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์Œ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ณ‘, ์ฆ‰ ํ•œ ์žฅ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ๋ฎ์–ด๋‘๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์ •๋„์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ, ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ Fig. 3๊ณผ 4์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์›ํ†ต ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์Œ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ์‹ ํ˜ธํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‹ค์ œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ, ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์Œ์€ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.  

4. ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์—ญ๋ณ€ํ™˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ, ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ธก์ •์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ 3์žฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์™ธ์— ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์—ญ๋ณ€ํ™˜(Inverse Gabor Transformation; Norinah, 2011)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์—ญ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„-์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Norinah (2011)๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์—ญ๋ณ€ํ™˜์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„-์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์‹œํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „ํŒŒ๋œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•œ ํ›„, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์—ญ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ Fig. 6์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 6(a)์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์›์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์„ ํ˜•์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„-์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด Fig. 6(b), ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ, ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ Fig. 6(c), ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ˜•์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ ์ตœ์ข…๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ Fig. 6(d)์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 6(a)์™€ Fig. 6(d)๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด, Fig. 6(a)๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ, ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Fig. 6(d)์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Fig. 6์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์—ญ๋ณ€ํ™˜์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ, ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ ๋“ฑ์„ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 6. Inverse Gabor transformation technique to filter out undesired acoustic wave group in microphone signals: (a) and (b) before filtering, (c) and (d) after filtering

ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฑฐ๋ณด์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ตฐ(wave group)์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚œํ•ดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ „ํŒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ํŒŒ๊ตฐ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ „ํŒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ง€์ •๋ณด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ „ํŒŒ์— ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ํŒŒ๋™๊ณผ ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ, ํŒŒ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ „ํŒŒ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐœ๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜๋Š” ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์†๋„(๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ํŒŒ๋™์€ ๊ด‘์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํผ์ ธ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.   

5. ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ

5.1 ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜

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Fig. 7. Comparison of resonant frequencies at grid point (X4,Y5): (a) accelerometer, (b) microphone, (c) resonant frequencies at measurement line X4

์•ž ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์ธก์ •์„ผ์„œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด 10m, ํญ 9m, ๋‘๊ป˜ 30cm์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ฐ€์‹œ๊ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •๋ฐ€์‹œ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ์ธก๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ๊ฑฐ์น˜ ๋…ธ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋™์ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ™•๋ณด, ์ธก๋ฉด ๊ฑฐํ‘ธ์ง‘๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์žฅ๋„๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ ์ƒ๋ถ€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๋™์ผ ๋†’์ด ์œ ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ฝ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ๊ทธ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์šฉ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋กœ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์ง๋œ ํ† ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ฆ‰ ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 1m ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ 72๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ˆ์ ์„ ์‹œํ—˜์œ„์น˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์„ธํŠธ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„๋Š” PCB ์‚ฌ์˜ PCB-353B65๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์€ ์˜ค๋””์˜คํ…Œํฌ๋‹ˆ์นด์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ˜• ๋‹จ์ผ์ง€ํ–ฅ ์ฝ˜๋ด์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์ธ ES947์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ National Instruments ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋™์ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ธก์ •์šฉ NI-4474 ์นด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์€ 40~10kHz ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์‘๋‹ต๊ณผ 7.9mV/Pa์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผ๋„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์„ค์ •์€ 3์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค€์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 0.64kg ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ ๊ธˆ์†์žฌ์งˆ ํ•ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ํš๋“ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 7์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 7(a)์˜ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 4,170Hz, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 4,061Hz๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ Fig. 7(c)์—๋Š” ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์‹œํ—˜์ธก์„  Y์„ ์ƒ์˜ 8๊ฐœ ์ธก์ ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 4,000~5,000Hz ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 4,060Hz๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด 72๊ฐœ ์ธก์ ์—์„œ ํš๋“ ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ 2-D ์ปจํˆฌ์–ด๋กœ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Fig. 8)๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, Fig. 7(c)์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์žฌ์ฐจ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธก์ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค์†Œ์˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ฝ˜ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํƒ€์„คํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ ํƒ€์„ค๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์˜ ๋งค์งˆ์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ท ์งˆ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์„ค๋œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ค€๋น„๋œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ์— ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ ๋‘๊ป˜๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ(ES947)๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 8. Resonant frequency and thickness contours of the concrete track model determined by resonance frequencies using: (a) and (c) accelerometer, (b) and (d) microphone

           

5.2 ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋Œ์—์„œ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜

ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋“ฏ์ด, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์›๋„ ์›ํ†ต๋ฆฌ์— ์‹œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋Œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ๋งˆ๋ฃจ ํ‘œ์ธต ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต์‹œํ—˜์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋Œ์€ ์‹œ๊ณต์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ€์„คํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ์— ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๋Œ๋งˆ๋ฃจ์˜ ๋งค์งˆ์€ ๊ท ์งˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋Œ๋งˆ๋ฃจ์˜ ํ‘œ์ธต๋งค์งˆ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 30cm, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 20cm๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ง„์›๊ณผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง„์›์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 0.64kg ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ ๊ธˆ์†์žฌ์งˆ ํ•ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์„ค์ •์€ 3์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค€์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ „์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํš๋“ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ค€์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 

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Fig. 9. Comparison of surface-wave measurements using accelerometers and microphones at an erosion control dam: (a) and (c) phase-difference spectra by accelerometers, (b) and (d) phase-difference spectra microphones, (e) and (f) phase-velocity dispersion curves by accelerometers, and microphone

Fig. 9์˜ ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์€ 32~35kHz๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์œ„์ƒ์†๋„๋„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด์ง์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ๊ถŒ์žฅ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Œ€์—ญ์ด 20kHz์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Œ€์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ๋งค์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์œ„์ƒ์†๋„ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์ฒด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ 2,200m/sec๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 2,000~2,500m/sec์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณต์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๊ณต๊ทน์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค(Bukhari, 2013). ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ฒด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตด์ ˆ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ต๋ž€๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตด์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๊ต๋ž€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„๋กœ๋Š” PํŒŒ, SํŒŒ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ต๋ž€๋œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์€ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์–ด๋“  P ํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ(๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘ PํŒŒ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ 1/10 ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ), SํŒŒ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ œ (๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งค์งˆ์—์„œ SํŒŒ๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ) ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด์ ํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“  ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์—๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด์ ํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 10. Time traces and power spectra of surface waves measured by (a), (c) accelerometers, (b), (d) microphones at compacted track base of high speed railway; Measurements at array P04.5

5.3 ๊ณ ์†์ „์ฒ  ๋…ธ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์ง์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜

ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ† ์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฐ˜์—์„œ๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์•ž ์ ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์šฉ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ 51.2kHz๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋Œ€์—ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ† ์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1.6kHz ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ๋Œ€์—ญ์— ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฐœ์ง„์›๊ณผ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ 5.2์ ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ง„์›-์„ผ์„œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ 0.3m๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 10๊ณผ 11์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ž…๊ฒฝ 300mm์˜ ์•”๊ดด๋ฅผ ์„ฑํ† ํ•œ ๊ณ ์†์ „์ฒ  ์„ฑํ† ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ, ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋น„๊ท ์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚œํ•ดํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 10์—๋Š” ์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ, ํŒŒ์›Œ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ ˆ๋Œ€ํฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋‘ ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด Fig. 11์— ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 400Hz ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 400Hz ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด ์†๋„๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์†๋„๊ณ„์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์ƒ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‘ ์„ผ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์†๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ง€๋งŒ 400Hz ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†๋„๊ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†๋„๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€ 400Hz ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์†๋„๊ณ„(๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์†๋„๊ณ„ Sercel์‚ฌ์˜ L-22)์˜ ํŠน์ง• ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธก์ •์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์†๋„๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ƒ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ธก์ •์—์„œ ๋” ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ํ•ด์„๋„ ๋” ์šฉ์ดํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ถ„์„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งค์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 11(f)์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ฝ 300Hz ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ Fig. 12(c)์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์†๋„ ์•ฝ 350m/sec์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์†๋„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 75cm๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก์ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฉ€์–ด์„œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์— ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ง€๋ฐ˜๋งค์งˆ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ŒํŒŒ์†๋„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์ฐจ์Œ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ ํƒ, ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

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Fig. 11. Comparison of surface-wave measurements using accelerometers and microphones at compacted track base of high speed railway for: (a), (c), (e) geophones and (b), (d), (f) microphones; Receiver spacings = 0.3m for arrays of P04.5 and P06.0, receiver spacing=0.75m for array R30.0

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Fig. 12. Phase velocity dispersion curves determined by geophones and microphones at measurement arrays (a) P04.5 (b) P06.0 and (c) R30.0

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Fig. 13. Expected path of seismic waves and leaky surface waves in (a) resonance tests and (b) surface-wave tests

5.4 ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• 

์‹คํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ธก์ •๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ๋” ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ Bukhari (2013)๊ฐ€ ๊ท ์งˆ๋งค์งˆ๊ณผ ์ด์ƒ์ฒด ํฌํ•จ ๋งค์งˆ ๋“ฑ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜, ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ณตํžˆ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๊ณต๊ทน์ด๋‚˜ ๊ท ์—ด ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ƒ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฒด์ ํŒŒ์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ตด์ ˆํ˜„์ƒ์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ์— ๊ต๋ž€์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ธก์ •๋œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์†๋„๋„ ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.    

Fig. 13(a)๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ณต์ง„ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋งค์งˆ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งค์งˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ์••์ถ•ํŒŒ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ๋งค์งˆ๋‚ด์˜ ๋น„๊ตฌ์† ์••์ถ•ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งค์งˆ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋น„๊ตฌ์† ์••์ถ•ํŒŒ์ธ P-ํŒŒ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ€ํ™˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋งค์งˆ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ ๋น„๊ตฌ์† ์••์ถ•ํŒŒ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” Fig. 13(b)์— ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ตด์ ˆ๋˜์–ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งค์งˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งค์งˆ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ˆ„์ถœ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ(leaky surface wave)๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„์ถœํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ์†๋„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ดํƒˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ถœํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ SASW ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๋‘ ์„ผ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋‘ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ์†๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ถœํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ถœ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์˜ค์ง ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์†๋„์—๋งŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋“  ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋“  ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” SASW ์‹œํ—˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์†๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

  

6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋‹ค์ง์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์‹ค์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋™์‹ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ๋น„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์„ผ์„œ์ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํš๋“ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)์‹คํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์ง์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ„์„ฑํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์Œ์„ฑ์šฉ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(2)์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ์ด๊ฒฉ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณต์ง„์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” 5~10cm, ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” 20cm๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ค์น˜๋†’์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3.5~5cm, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง„์› ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 0.3~0.7kg ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ ์†Œํ˜• ๊ธˆ์†ํ•ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ์Œ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐจ์Œ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(3)ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์†๋„ 330~370m/sec ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋งค์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์œ ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์งˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ธ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งค์งˆ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์˜ค์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด 30cm ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋งค์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹ฌ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. 

(4)์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋งค์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์ง ์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ SASW ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹์ด๋“  ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ด‰ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” SASW ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งค์งˆํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ถœ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ์˜ ์†๋„๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ ์†๋„์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.   

(5)ํŠนํžˆ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ์˜ SASW ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„๋กœ๋Š” PํŒŒ, SํŒŒ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ต๋ž€๋œ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์€ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์–ด๋“  PํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ(๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘ PํŒŒ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ 1/10 ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ), SํŒŒ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ œ(๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งค์งˆ์—์„œ SํŒŒ๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ) ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด์ ํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“  ํ‘œ๋ฉดํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์—๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด์ ํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์ด ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” 2012๋…„๋„ โ€œ์ฆ๊ฐ•ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋‹ค์ง๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœโ€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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