Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ์ •ํšŒ์›ยทํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜์„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technologyยทcsu1220@kict.re.kr)
  2. ํ•œ๊ตญํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Korea Environment Instituteยทjskim@kei.re.kr)
  3. ์ข…์‹ ํšŒ์›ยท๊ต์‹ ์ €์žยทํ•œ๊ตญํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œ„์› (Corresponding AuthorยทKorea Environment Instituteยทhskang@kei.re.kr)



์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง, ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ, ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž, ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง
Artificial neural network, Floating debris, Influence factor, Dam basin, Barrier boom

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ํ™์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ดˆ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ™œ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ํ•˜์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์ง‘์ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ 4๋Œ€๊ฐ•์—์„œ ํ•ด์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด 70 % ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ดˆ๋ชฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ 20 %๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Yu et al., 2002). ํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ํšก๋‹จ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ง‘์ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ๋œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒด์— ํƒœ์–‘๋น›์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์–‘์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ด€ ํ›ผ์†์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์ ๋˜๊ณ  ํ™์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒ์Šน ๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ƒ ์„ธ๊ตด ํ™•๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์— ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์œ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ํ‡ด์  ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์ง‘์ ๋œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์€ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ์„ ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋นˆ๋„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ™์ˆ˜ ํ”ผํ•ด ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฒœ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Hong et al.(2001)์€ ํ•ด์–‘์œ ์ž… ๋ถ€์œ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Yoo et al.(2007)์€ ์ž…์žํ•ด์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ชจ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ• ํ•˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Jang et al.(2014)์€ ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ•์—์„œ ํ•ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ๋œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”์  ๋ถ€์ด๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. Jang et al.(2015)์€ 3์ฐจ์› ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Kim et al.(2023b)์€ ๋“œ๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ฒญ๋Œ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ด์†ก๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด์†ก๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (Elosegi et al., 1999; Cordova et al., 2007; Ter-Mikaelian et al., 2008).

๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŽธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํŽธ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์—์„œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง(Artificial Neural Network, ANN)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Blocked Floating Debris at the Upstream of the Namgang Dam

../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2025.45.2.0173/fig1.png

2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ๋ถ„์„

์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์ ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์ ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ K-water์—์„œ ๋Œ์˜ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์‹œ์„ค ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์— ๋ถ€์œ ๋ฌผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ํ‡ด์  ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ง‘์ ๋œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์˜ ์–‘์€ 2010๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งค๋…„ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน์ • ํ™์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ์˜ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ์˜ˆ์ธก์—๋Š” ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ์—ญ ๋‚ด์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง์— ์ง‘์ ๋˜์–ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฐ€์ •์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ณด ์œ ์—ญ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ž์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง ์†์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2010๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2022๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 13๊ฐœ ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์ ๋Œ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด 141๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์œ ์—ญ ๋‚ด์— ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์ƒํ™œ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊บพ์ธ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€, ๋‚™์—ฝ, ์ฃฝ์€ ์ดˆ๋ชฉ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ง€๋ฉด ์œ„์— ์ถ•์ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์œ ์—ญ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ดˆ๋ชฉ์ด ํ•˜์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์†ก๋˜์–ด ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์— ๋ง‰ํžˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ณณ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์— ํ‡ด์ ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. Table 1์€ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Table 1์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ •๋ณดํฌํ„ธ(K-water, 2024)๊ณผ ๊ตญํ† ์ •๋ณดํ”Œ๋žซํผ(National Geographic Information Institute, 2024)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ์–ด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜(Pearson correlation coefficient) $p$๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 2์— ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ์— ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ”ผ์–ด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.72๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์™ธ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋Œ์ง€์  ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์€ ์œ ์—ญ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ์ง€์  ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์—์„œ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์œ ์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ์— ํ‡ด์ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 2๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์ ๋Œ A์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์œ ์ž… ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 2๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์œ ์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰-์œ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ณก์„ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰-์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋งŽ์€ ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ”ผ์–ด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.96์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ผ ํ‰๊ท  ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‰๊ท  ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ผ ํ‰๊ท  ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 4๋Š” Fig. 2์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์ ๋Œ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์œ ์ž… ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 2์—์„œ ํฐ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ง€์ (์•ฝ 8,000 ton)์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ์žก์•„๋ƒˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ์—ฐํ‰๊ท ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋‘, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฉด์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฉด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‘ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1.00์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์œ ๋Ÿ‰, ์—ฐ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰, ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Received Floating Debris with Annual Mean Inflow at a Dam

../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2025.45.2.0173/fig2.png

Fig. 3. Comparison between Mean and Standard Deviation of Annual Inflow

../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2025.45.2.0173/fig3.png

Fig. 4. Received Floating Debris with Annual Mean Inflow at a Dam

../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2025.45.2.0173/fig4.png

Fig. 5. Received Floating Debris with Basin and Grassland Area, (a) Basin Area, (b) Grassland Area

../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2025.45.2.0173/fig5.png

Table 1. Influencing Factors on amount of Floating Debris

element

influencing factors

hydraulic, hydrology

precipitation ($P$), discharge ($Q$)

geographic

basin area ($A_{B}$), grassland area ($A_{G}$), basin slope ($S$)

etc.

wind speed ($W$), population ($H$)

Table 2. Pearson Correlation Coefficient between the Variables and Amount of Floating Debris

variables

$P$ $Q$ $A_{B}$ $A_{G}$ $S$ $W$ $H$
$p$

0.37

0.72

0.46

0.45

-0.03

-0.21

0.21

3. ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง

์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ธต(input layer)๊ณผ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์€๋‹‰์ธต(hidden layer) ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธต(output layer)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฐ ์ธต ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์  ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ ์‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ•™์Šต(training)์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ธ์ž์™€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ž์™€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์— ์—ญ์ „ํŒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜(back propagation algorithm)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ญ์ „ํŒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ํ™œ์šฉ ์‹œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž ๋ฐ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์ „ํŒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์ด ์ž…๋ ฅ์ธต์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ•๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ’์„ ์ค„์ด๋„๋ก ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

4. ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 141๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ 105๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ 36๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 3์€ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 6(a)์™€ (b)๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค๋…„ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜ $R^{2}$๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ 0.75, ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ 0.94, ์ข…ํ•ฉ 0.81๋กœ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์œ ์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ์ค‘ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ์ž๋งŒ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ, ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ 4,000 ton ์ดํ•˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 2,000 ton ์ดํ•˜๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ $R^{2}$๊ฐ€ 0.34 ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์‹ (Kim et al., 2023a)์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)
$y = 20.843 x_{1}- 0.002 x_{2}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $y$๋Š” ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰(ton), $x_{1}$์€ ๋Œ์œ ์ž…์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ (m3/s), $x_{2}$๋Š” ๋Œ์œ ์ž…์œ ๋Ÿ‰(m3/s)๊ณผ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผยท์ดˆ์ง€๋ฉด์ (km2)์„ ๊ณฑํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 7(a)์™€ (b)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง๊ณผ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 7(a)์™€ (b)๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ 18.3 %๋กœ, ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ 32.9 %๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. Fig. 7(b)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ’์ด ์ธก์ •๋œ ๊ฐ’์— ๋น„ํ•ด 5์ฒœ ton ์ด์ƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์†Œ์‚ฐ์ •, 4์ฒœ ton ์ดํ•˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋Œ€์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Eq. (1)์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ๊ณฑ์ด ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ง์„ ํ˜• ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 2, 4, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง์„ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ถ€๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ „๋‹จ๋ ฅ์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ , ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์— ๋ง‰ํ˜€ ํ‡ด์ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ์˜ ํ”ผ์–ด์Šจ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ์™€ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ์ง์„ ์€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8์€ ๊ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž์— ์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๊ทœํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. (b)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์„ ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž์˜ ์ •๊ทœํ™” ์‹œ ์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ž์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 9๋Š” ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์„ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ• ๊ถŒ์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋น„๋Š” 7๋Œ€ 3์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด Fig. 6์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์–ด $R^{2}$๋Š” 0.95 ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฃŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ ์€ ๋Œ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด 3๊ฐœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋กœ๋„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 10์€ ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์„ ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ์ด 1,000 km2 ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์ดํ•˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋น„๋Š” 7๋Œ€ 3์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” $R^{2}$๋Š” 0.9 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ์ด ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ์ด ํฐ ๊ณณ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งŽ์€ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ์œ ์ž…๋˜์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6. Training and Validation Result for Predicting the Amount of the Floating Debris, (a) Training, (b) Validation

../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2025.45.2.0173/fig6.png

Fig. 7. Prediction for the Amount of the Floating Debris Using ANN and Regression Model, (a) ANN Model (b) Regression Model

../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2025.45.2.0173/fig7.png

Fig. 8. Prediction for the Amount of the Floating Debris Using Normalized Variables, (a) Linear-Form Axis, (b) Log-Form Axis

../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2025.45.2.0173/fig8.png

Fig. 9. Prediction for the Amount of the Floating Debris for Major Rivers, (a) Han-Gang River, (b) Geum-Gang River, (c) Nakdong-Gang River

../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2025.45.2.0173/fig9.png

Fig. 10. Prediction for the Amount of the Floating Debris for River Basin Area, (a) for $A_{B}<1,\: 000{km}^{2}$, (b) for $A_{B}> 1,\: 000{km}^{2}$

../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2025.45.2.0173/fig10.png

Table 3. Range of Variables for Training and Validating ANN Model for Floating Debris

influence factor

total

training

validation

A (km2)

max

6,648

6,648

6,648

min

95.4

95.4

163.6

Qmean (m3/s)

max

283.1

283.1

169.0

min

0.578

0.578

1.70

Qmax (m3/s)

max

5,060

5,060

4,580

min

22.0

22.0

38.8

F

(ton)

max

11,950

11,950

10,746

min

2.56

2.56

3.84

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”ผ์–ด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท ์œ ๋Ÿ‰, ์—ฐ์ตœ๋Œ€์œ ๋Ÿ‰, ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ $R^{2}$๋Š” 0.81๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€์‹๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž์™€ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๊ทœํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ• ๊ถŒ์—ญ๋ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์—ญ ๋ฉด์ น๋ณ„ ํ•™์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์†ก์žก๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰-์œ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ณก์„ ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฒœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported by Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE) as ใ€ŒResearch and Development on the Technology for Securing the Water Resources Stability in Response to Future Change(RS-2024-00332494)ใ€.

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