Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Seoul National University)
  2. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Seoul National University)
  3. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Seoul National University)


์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€, ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ, ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ, ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ํก์ฐฉ
Industrial zone, Fill material, Zeolite mixed soil, Heavy metal adsorption

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  •   2.1 ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

  •   2.2 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  • 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

  •   3.1 ํšŒ๋ถ„์‹์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

  •   3.2 ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

  • 4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ ์ค‘ ํŠนํžˆ ํ† ์–‘์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์งˆ ์˜ค์—ผ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋™์„ฑ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ํ›„์—์•ผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ† ์–‘์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํˆฌ์ž๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ† ์–‘ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณด์ „๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ •ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์ด 17๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†์€ As, Cd, Cu, Cr6+, Pb, Ni, Zn, Hg์˜ 8๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Ministry of Environment, 2014).

์ค‘๊ธˆ์†์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ฃผํƒ์šฉ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋†์—…์šฉ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†์˜ค์—ผ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์„  ๊ณต๋‹จ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Lee and Koh, 2003). ๋˜ํ•œ, ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๊ตญ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์ฒ ๊ธˆ์† ๊ณต์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ•๊ณต์ • ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์†์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ์šธ์‚ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Jeong et al., 2015) ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ ์ค‘์ธ โ€˜์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ ํ† ์–‘ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ์‚ฌโ€™์—์„œ 2011๋…„์— ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚ด์˜ ์—…์ฒด ์ค‘ 15.3 %๊ฐ€ ํ† ์–‘์˜ค์—ผ ์šฐ๋ ค ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์ค‘ 16.7 %๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Ministry of Environment, 2012). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํ† ์–‘์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, ํ•˜๋ถ€์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ํก์ฐฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ํก์ฐฉ์ธต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฒด์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ํก์ฐฉ์ œ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํก์ฐฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ๋กœ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ถ๋„ ์˜์ผ๋งŒ ์ผ๋Œ€์— ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์–‘์ด์˜จ ๊ตํ™˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Erdem et al., 2004, ร–ren et al., 2006, Periฤ‡ et al., 2004, Wijesinghe et al., 2016). ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ SiO4์™€ AlO4 ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์ฒด๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๋™๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‚ด์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–‘์ด์˜จ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ์  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด์˜ ์–‘์ด์˜จ๊ณผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(Noh, 2014). ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ˆœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ €๋ ดํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์ œ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์ œ๊ฑฐ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Erdem et al., 2004, Inglezakis et al., 2007, ร–ren et al., 2006, Periฤ‡ et al., 2004, Wijesinghe et al., 2016, Wingenfelder et al., 2005). Hong(2016)์€ ๋’ท์ฑ„์›€์žฌ๋กœ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์™€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์„ž์–ด ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Joanna and Kazimierz๋Š” ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์™€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์„ž์–ด์„œ PRB (Permeble Reactive Barrier)๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด, ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์ •ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์—ฌ ์ •ํ™”๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ์ธ ํ’ํ™”ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์™€ ์ผ์ • ๋น„์œจ(25 %, 50 %, 75 %)๋กœ ์„ž์–ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.1 ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ถ๋„ ํฌํ•ญ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ์˜์ผ๋งŒ ์ผ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ด€์•…์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ํ’ํ™”ํ† ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์™€ ํ’ํ™”ํ† ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ๊ฐ’์€ Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์™€ ํ† ์–‘์€ ์˜ค๋ธ์—์„œ 105 ยฐC๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ํ›„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ฐ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํก์ฐฉํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž…๊ฒฝ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ์ž ๋จผ์ € ์ž…๊ฒฝ ๋ณ„ ํก์ฐฉ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ž…๋„๋Š” KS F 2302์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•œ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ #10์ฒด(2 mm) ์ด์ƒ, #10-40์ฒด(2-0.42 mm), #40-100์ฒด (0.42- 0.149 mm), #100-200์ฒด(0.149-0.075 mm), #200์ฒด(0.075 mm) ์ดํ•˜(ํ†ต๊ณผ)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์™€ ํ† ์–‘์€ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋น„๋Š” 25 %, 50 %, 75 %๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ SZ25, SZ50, SZ75๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์™€ ํ† ์–‘์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ SZ0์™€ SZ100์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌํ‘œ๋Š” Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Table 1. Chemical and Physical Properties of Specimens

pH Classification (USCS) Chemical
composition
Specific
surface (m2/g)
Cation exchange
capacity (meq/100g)
Specific gravity
Test Soil 7 SP (Cu=8.5, Cg=0.74) SiO2 - 59.55; Al2O3 - 19.28; Na2O -
1.32; Fe2O3 - 6.68; CaO - 0.74;
Na2O - 1.32; K2O โ€• 2.96; LOI - 9.46
11.97 9.43 2.68
Zeolite 6.5 - SiO2 - 70.87; Al2O3 - 13.96; Na2O -
2.23; Fe2O3 - 2.72; CaO - 1.59;
Na2O - 3.84; K2O โ€• 3.13; LOI - 3.87
44.97 69.58 2.33

Figure_KSCE_39_1_21_F1.jpg
Fig. 1.

Particle Size Distribution Curves of Specimens

2.2 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.2.1 ํšŒ๋ถ„์‹ํก์ฐฉ์‹œํ—˜

์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ๋ถ„์‹ํก์ฐฉ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ธฐ 4 g์˜ ๊ฑด์กฐ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  40 mL์˜ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก๊ณผ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜จ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์›์ž ํก๊ด‘ ๊ด‘๋„๊ธฐ(Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” 50, 125, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000 mg/L๋กœ ์ €๋†๋„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ๋†๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด(Langmuir)์™€ ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌํžˆ(Freundlich) ๋“ฑ์˜จํก์ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

2.2.2 ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜

ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง์‹œํ—˜์€ ASTM D698-12์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜์€ ASTM D3080์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง์‹œํ—˜์€ 10 cm์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชฐ๋“œ์— ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ 3์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ 600 kN-m/m3์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์ง€๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋น„์™€ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋‹จ์œ„์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ธ ๋‹ค์ง๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋‹จ์œ„์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋น„์™€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ 90 %์˜ ๋‹ค์ง๋„๋กœ ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๋‹จ์ƒ์ž์— ๋„ฃ์€ ํ›„ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ชฝ ์ƒ์ž๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„์ชฝ ์ƒ์ž์— ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ ฅ(๊ตฌ์†์••)์— ์ „๋‹จ๋ ฅ์„ ์ ์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ํ™์„ ์ „๋‹จ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ตฌ์†์••์€ 40, 80, 160 KPa์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ƒ์ž์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋†’์ด 40 mm ์ง€๋ฆ„ 60 mm๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

3.1 ํšŒ๋ถ„์‹์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

3.1.1 ์ž…๊ฒฝ ๋ณ„ ํก์ฐฉ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์›์ž ํก๊ด‘ ๊ด‘๋„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์ด์˜จ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํก์ฐฉ๋œ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†์˜ ์–‘์€ Eq. (1)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

$$C_s=(C_i-C_e)\times\frac Vm$$ (1)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Cs๋Š” ํก์ฐฉ๋œ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์–‘(mg/g), Ci๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์šฉ์•ก์˜ ๋†๋„(mg/L), Ce๋Š” ํ‰ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์ดํ›„ ์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ์˜ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ๋†๋„(mg/L), V๋Š” ์šฉ์•ก์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ, m์€ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰(g)์ด๋‹ค.

์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์™€ ํ™์„ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋จผ์ € ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์™€ ํ™์˜ ์ž…๊ฒฝ ๋ณ„ ํก์ฐฉ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 10๋ฒˆ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด #10-40๋ฒˆ์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์•ฝ 1.25๋ฐฐ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์˜ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1.37๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์ด์˜จ์ด ํก์ฐฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํก์ฐฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž…๊ฒฝ์ด ์ผ์ • ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ Malliou ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋…ธํ”„ํ‹ธ๋กœ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ํก์ฐฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์–‘์ด์˜จ์น˜ํ™˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ž…๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  ๋ฐ ์–‘์ด์˜จ ์น˜ํ™˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค(Helffeich and Kunin, 1963). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๊ณต๋™์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์–‘์ด์˜จ์น˜ํ™˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ์–‘์ด์˜จ์น˜ํ™˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ž…๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์–‘์ด์˜จ์น˜ํ™˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ์–‘์ด์˜จ์น˜ํ™˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Guan et al., 2010, Zhan et al., 2002). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ์ • ์ž…๊ฒฝ ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํ™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž…๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  ๋ฐ ์–‘์ด์˜จ์น˜ํ™˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(Dube et al., 2001). Bradl(2004)์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์งˆํ† ๊ฐ€ ์ ์„ฑํ† ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํก์ฐฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†์ด์˜จ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ํก์ฐฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‚ฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†๋“ค(์นด๋“œ๋ฎด, ์•„์—ฐ, ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ, ๋ง๊ฐ„)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ ํ† ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ pH๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋ฉด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์Œ์ „ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(Elliott et al., 1986).

Figure_KSCE_39_1_21_F2.jpg
Fig. 2.

Adsorption of Metal Ions by Different Particle Size of Soil and Zeolite (m = 4 g, V = 40 mL, time = 24 hr)

ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋‚ฉ ํก์ฐฉ ๊ณก์„ ์€ Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์•„์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋‚ฉ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์–‘์ด์˜จ ๊ตํ™˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ™ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฉ๊ณผ ์•„์—ฐ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ, ํ™๊ณผ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚ฉ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์•„์—ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‚ฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์ด์˜จ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์•„์—ฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ž‘์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์–‘์ด์˜จ๊ณผ ๊ตํ™˜์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ํ™๊ณผ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ๋ชจ๋‘, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(Elliott et al., 1986, Lim, 1999, Periฤ‡ et al., 2004, Zamzow and Murphy, 1992).

Figure_KSCE_39_1_21_F3.jpg
Fig. 3.

Adsorption of Metal Ions by Soil-Zeolite Mixtures (m = 4 g, V = 40 mL, time = 24 hr)

3.1.2 ๋“ฑ์˜จํก์ฐฉ์‹

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด์™€ ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋“ฑ์˜จํก์ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด์™€ ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌํžˆ ์‹์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํก์ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์ด๋‹ค(Erdem et al., 2004, Joanna et al., 2013). ๋จผ์ € ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด ๋“ฑ์˜จํก์ฐฉ์‹์€ Eq. (2)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

$$\frac{C_e}{C_s}=\frac1{Q_L\cdot K_L}+\frac{C_e}{Q_L}$$ (2)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Cs์™€ Ce๋Š” ์œ„์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , QL์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ, KL์€ ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด ์ƒ์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด ํก์ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ํก์ฐฉ์ธต์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํก์ฐฉ์ง€์ ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํก์ฐฉ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํก์ฐฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ ์  ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ผ์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ํก์ฐฉ์ด ๋” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ํก์ฐฉ ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์นœํ™”๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜ ํก์ฐฉ ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์นœํ™”๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(Langmuir, 1918) ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌํžˆ ์‹์€ Eq. (3)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

$$\ln C_s=\ln K_F+\frac1n\ln C_e$$ (3)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Cs์™€ Ce๋Š” ์œ„์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , KF์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌํžˆ ์ƒ์ˆ˜, 1 n ์€ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ์™€ ํก์ฐฉ์งˆ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ 1 n ์ด 1์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์„ ํ˜•๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌํžˆ์‹์€ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„์™€ ํก์ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌ์‹์€ ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด์‹๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž ๋งŒ์ด์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ธต์˜ ํก์ฐฉ์ธต์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์•„์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋‚ฉ์„ ๋‘ ๋“ฑ์˜จํก์ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Tables 2 and 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Table 2. The Result of Zinc Adsorption by Langmuir and Freundlich Equation

Mixing ratio Langmuir Model Freundlich Model
QL KL R2 KF 1 n R2
SZ0 2.44 0.011 0.96 0.32 0.26 0.96
SZ25 4.44 0.005 0.86 0.36 0.33 0.96
SZ50 4.98 0.006 0.91 0.37 0.34 1.00
SZ75 5.96 0.005 0.91 0.44 0.35 0.99
SZ100 8.63 0.003 0.90 0.47 0.41 0.98

Table 3. The Result of Lead Adsorption by Langmuir and Freundlich Equation

Mixing ratio Langmuir Model Freundlich Model
QL KL R2 KF 1 n R2
SZ0 4.92 0.055 0.99 0.32 0.49 0.89
SZ25 13.57 0.011 0.99 0.38 0.57 0.94
SZ50 22.08 0.007 0.90 0.28 0.71 0.97
SZ75 33.78 0.005 0.88 0.24 0.82 0.99
SZ100 45.87 0.004 0.88 0.24 0.88 0.99

์•„์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ตœ๋Œ€ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด์‹๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌํžˆ์‹์— ๋” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.๋‚ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ตœ๋Œ€ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. SZ0๊ณผ SZ25์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด๊ฐ€, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ SZ100 (์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌํžˆ์‹๊ณผ ๋” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” Erdem et al.(2004)์ด๋‚˜ ร–ren et al.(2006)๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋†๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋žญ๋ฎค์–ด์‹์ด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋†๋„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 2000 mg/L๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ณ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌํžˆ ์‹๊ณผ ๋” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Shin et al.(2014)์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฉ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•„์—ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Periฤ‡ et al.(2004)๋“ฑ์ด๋‚˜ Zamzow and Murphy์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚ด์— ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์„ค๊ณ„์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์•„์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋‚ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ”„๋กœ์ธํ‹€๋ฆฌํžˆ ์ƒ์ˆ˜์ธ 1/n์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํก์ฐฉ์ œ์™€ ํก์ฐฉ ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์นœํ™”๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํก์ฐฉ๋œ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†์ด์˜จ์ด ํƒˆ์ฐฉ์ด ์ ์–ด์ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ถ”ํ›„ ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ๋‚ด์˜ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†์ด์˜จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ 2์ฐจ์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

3.2 ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

3.2.1 ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง์‹œํ—˜

ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง์‹œํ—˜์€ ASTM D698-12์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 4๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ตœ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋น„๋Š” ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฑด์กฐ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฐ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ’ํ™”ํ† ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณต๋™์— ๋ฌผ์ด ์ €์žฅ๋จ์œผ๋กœ ํ’ํ™”ํ† ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ตœ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ-ํ’ํ™”ํ†  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ์ค‘์— SZ75๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋„๋กœ ํ† ๊ณต KDS 44 30 00์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑํ†  ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฑด์กฐ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์ธ 1.471 t/m2์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, 2016). ๋„๋กœ ํ† ๊ณต KDS 44 30 00์—์„œ๋Š” 90 % ๋‹ค์ง๋„๋กœ ์‹œ๊ณตํ•œ ํ›„์— ๊ฑด์กฐ๋‹จ์œ„์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋•Œ ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ SZ25๊ฐ€ 1.595 t/m2, SZ50์ด 1.508, SZ75๊ฐ€ 1.419 t/m2๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_39_1_21_F4.jpg
Fig. 4.

Result of Standard Compaction Test (Target Value = 1.471 t/m2)

3.2.2 ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜

์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜์€ ASTM D3080์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ฐ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š”(Lee et al., 2011)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ฐ์ธ 30~45ยฐ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š” Yukselen-Aksoy (2010)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นˆ์ž…๋„์˜ ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

Table 4. The Result of Direct Shear Test

SZ0 SZ25 SZ50 SZ75 SZ100
Friction angle (ยฐ) 40.2 37.3 35.8 31.7 31.6
Cohesion (kPa) 18.3 30.6 32.5 31.2 34.6

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํก์ฐฉ์„ฑ ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ถ„์‹ํก์ฐฉ์‹œํ—˜, ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(1) ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ๋ถ„์‹ํก์ฐฉ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํก์ฐฉ๋Šฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํญ์ด ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ •๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 25 %๋กœ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ•œ SZ25์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ์ธ ํ’ํ™”ํ† ๋ณด๋‹ค, ์•„์—ฐํก์ฐฉ์€ 1.82๋ฐฐ, ๋‚ฉ ํก์ฐฉ์€ 2.76๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ฉ ํก์ฐฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ํก์ฐฉ๋ฅ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ํก์ฐฉ์— ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค.

(2) ํ‘œ์ค€๋‹ค์ง์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 75 % ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฑด์กฐ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

(3) ์ง์ ‘์ „๋‹จ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 75 %๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํ’ํ™”ํ† ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ’ ๋ฒ”์œ„(30~45ยฐ)์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ œ์˜ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ํก์ฐฉ์„ฑ ์„ฑํ† ์ธต์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด‰์ง„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›(17CTAP-C132706-01)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2018 CONVENTION ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ยท๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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