Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ๋™์˜๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Dong-eui University)
  2. ๋™์˜๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์ •๊ต์ˆ˜ (Dong-eui University)


์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค, ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์žฌ์ฐจ์ธ์›, ๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ, BIMS
Optimal headway, Bus transit, Operating time, Passenger loading, Smart card, BIMS

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

  •   2.1 ์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ฒ„์„ค๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…

  •   2.2 ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

  •   2.3 ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 

  • 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์„ ์ •

  •   3.1 ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ตœ์ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ชจํ˜•

  •   3.2 ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ

  • 4. ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํš ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

  •   4.1 ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„

  •   4.2 ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํš ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

  •   4.2.1 ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ vs. ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ

  •   4.2.2 ๊ณ„ํš ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ vs. ์‹ค์ œ ์™•๋ณต์‹œ๊ฐ„

  •   4.2.3 ๊ณ„ํš ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ vs. ์‹ค์ œ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜

  • 5. ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ตœ์ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ชจํ˜•

  • 6. ๋ชจํ˜•์ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€

  •   6.1 ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์žฌ์ฐจ์ธ์› ๋„์ถœ

  •   6.2 ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ตœ์ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ

  • 7. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

ํŠน์ • ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์—ฐ์†๋œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ๋‘๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(ํ˜น์€ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฒฉ)์€ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„ํš(Service Scheduling) ์ž‘์„ฑ์— ์ตœ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์šดํ–‰ ์š”์†Œ์ด์ž, ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์šด์˜์ž์˜ ์šดํ–‰๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์šดํ–‰ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋กœ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ํ˜น์€ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ์ž์™€ ์šด์˜์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ˜น์€ ์ „๋ถ€์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‚˜, ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฌ๊ฑด ํ˜น์€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ž์›์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ตœ์ ํ™”์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ์˜๋„, ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ž์›๊ณผ ์šดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์—ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค.

๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์žฌ์›, ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜, ๋„๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์šดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ ์Šน๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ฐ ๋…ธ์กฐ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํ†ต์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์ธ ์ผ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ค€๊ณต์˜์ œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€์› ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Vuchic(2005)์€ ๋…ธ์„ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๋…ธ์„  ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์šฉ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋…ธ์„  ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ• ๋œ ์Šน๊ฐ ๋„์ฐฉ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ์šดํ–‰์†๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์ค‘ ์ฒจ๋‘์™€ ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘, ํ† ์š”์ผ ๋ฐ ์ผ์š”์ผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์šดํ–‰์—ฌ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ์ƒ์น˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋…ธ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด์šฉ์ž ๋ถˆํŽธ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์šด์ „ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš ์ค€์ˆ˜์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์‹ค ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ๋„์ถœ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ํ˜„์‹ค์  ๋ณ€์ˆซ๊ฐ’ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์•…๋œ ๋ณ€์ˆซ๊ฐ’์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ํ˜„ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ ๋ฐ BIMS (Bus Information Management System)๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ˜„์‹ค ์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ด์šฉ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํšŒ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋„์ถœ ๋“ฑ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต Big-Data์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. Rine(1998)์€ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ˆ˜์š”(Demand- Base) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜, ์„ฑ๊ณผ(Performance-Base) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ…(Policy) ์˜๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ… ์˜๋„๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋„์ ์ธ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ € ์ˆ˜์š” ์ง€์—ญ ์šดํ–‰๋…ธ์„ ์— ์ง€์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์€ ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ, ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์€ ๋น„์šฉ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”, ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ํ˜น์€ ์ˆ˜์š”/์ˆ˜์ž… ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ชฉ์  ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ Vuchic(2005)์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์› ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ Rine(1998)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตญ์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด Newell(1971)์€ ์Šน๊ฐ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Furth and Wilson(1981)์€ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ, ์šดํ–‰๋Œ€์ˆ˜, ์ •์ฑ… ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์Šน๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์Šน๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํŽธ์ต์˜ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์ตœ์  ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜(๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ) ๋„์ถœ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Ceder(1981, 2002)๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์› ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด ํ†ตํ–‰๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋„์ถœ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Jeong, 1997; Park, 2007; Kim et al., 2008; Ryu et al., 2009; Im and Jang, 2010). ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด Park(2007)์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์Šน๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์ž„์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Im and Jang (2010)์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ํ†ตํ–‰๋ฐฐ์ • ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Jeon(2015)์€ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์ •์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋น„์šฉ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์  ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ ๋ฐ BMS ์ž๋ฃŒ ํ™œ์šฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” Lee et al.(2009)์ด APTS ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์ˆ˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์š” ํƒ„๋ ฅ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Park(2015)์€ ์„œ์šธ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์ถ•๊ณผ ์Šน๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ด๋น„์šฉ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šน๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ฐ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋น„์šฉ ํ˜น์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์Šน๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ฐ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์‹ค ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘” ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

3.1 ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ตœ์ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ชจํ˜•

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์Šน์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ Eq. (1)๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค(Vuchic, 2005).

PIC3A52.gif (1)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, PIC3A72.gif๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(๋ถ„/์ดˆ), PIC3A73.gif๋Š” ํ˜ผ์žก๋„, PIC3A83.gif๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(๋Œ€/์‹œ), PIC3AB3.gif๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์š”(์ธ/์‹œ)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. PIC3AD4.gif๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ, ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ •์ฑ…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ ์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC3AF4.gif), ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„(PIC3AF5.gif) ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์ž…์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋Œ€์ˆ˜(PIC3B44.gif)๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” Eq. (2)๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

PIC3B74.gif (2)

3.2 ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ

Eqs. (1) and (2)์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์›๊ณผ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด Table 1์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(BIMS) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด์™„์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ž๋ฃŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ‘œ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1. Data Collected and Contents Table_KSCE_38_01_18_T1.jpg

๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ 94%๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ด์šฉ ์‹œ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์นด๋“œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ, ํ†ตํ–‰์ˆ˜๋‹จ, ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋‚ ์งœ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์Šนํ•˜์ฐจ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ๋ฐ ํ™˜์Šน์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, BIMS๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ • ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋„์ฐฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด(์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ), ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณ„(DTG)๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์šดํ–‰์†๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ BIMS ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. BIMS ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ด๋™์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋„์ฐฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŒŒ์•…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ์šด์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜, ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(์ฒจ๋‘, ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘ ๋ฐ ํ† ์š”์ผ/์ผ์š”์ผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„), ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ผ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ํ˜„ ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํš ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

4.1 ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„

Eq. (2)์— ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ด€๊ณ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ๋„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์—ฌ๊ฑด์ƒ ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ๊ณ„ํš ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํš ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋งŒ์„ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ์•…๋œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์ •์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1์— ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ์‹ค์ œ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋„์ถœ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์  ๋„์ฐฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ค‘๋ณต๋˜์–ด ์ œ์‹œ๋ผ์žˆ๊ณ  ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋„ ์šดํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ์ค‘๋ณต ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ฐ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์—ฐ์†๋œ ๊ธฐ์  ์ถœ๋ฐœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์  ์ถœ๋ฐœ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ . ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ํšŒ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ํœด์‹์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธฐ์  ์ถœ๋ฐœ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์  ๋„์ฐฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ผ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ํ‰๊ท  ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•œ ํ›„, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ๊ณ„ํš ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ผ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค 10๋ฒˆ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ Table 2์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 10๋ฒˆ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ค์ „, ์˜คํ›„ ์ฒจ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 7๋ถ„์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ์•ผ๊ฐ„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํš ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜์ธ 137ํšŒ์— 8ํšŒ ๋ฏธ๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” 129ํšŒ ์šดํ–‰์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1.

Actual Values of Optimal Parameters Derived from the Dataset

Figure_KSCE_38_01_18_F1.jpg
Table 2. Route 10: Comparison of Operation : Planned vs. Actual Table_KSCE_38_01_18_T2.jpg

4.2 ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํš ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

4.2.1 ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ vs. ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ

๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ์ฒจ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€(์˜ค์ „ 7~~8์‹œ)์™€ ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€(์˜คํ›„ 4~5์‹œ)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ† ์š”์ผ๊ณผ ์ผ์š”์ผ์€ ์ฒจ๋‘/๋น„์ฒจ๋‘ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์—†์ด ์ผ๋ฅ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์ฃผ์ค‘ ์ฒจ๋‘ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ค‘ 5์ผ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ „์ผ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „์ฒด 140๊ฐœ ๋…ธ์„  ์ค‘ ํ‰์ผ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์„ ์ด 110๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด์˜ 78.6%๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋ง(ํ† /์ผ)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 29๊ฐœ(20.7%) ๋ฐ 34๊ฐœ(24.2%)๋งŒ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์–ด, ์š”์ผ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์•ฝ 80%์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋…ธ์„ ์ด ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

4.2.2 ๊ณ„ํš ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ vs. ์‹ค์ œ ์™•๋ณต์‹œ๊ฐ„

์‹ค์ œ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํš ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์šดํ–‰์—ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์•ผ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ 29%๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” 41๊ฐœ ๋…ธ์„ ์ด ๊ณ„ํš ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋ง์ธ ํ† ์š”์ผ์—๋„ 37๊ฐœ ๋…ธ์„ ์ด ๊ณ„ํš ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋น„์œจ(์ดˆ๊ณผ ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ผ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜)์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1๊ฐœ ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ์„ ์ด ์ ์–ด๋„ 1ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท  ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋น„์œจ์€ 38.4%๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, 100ํšŒ ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ ์–ด๋„ 38ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4.2.3 ๊ณ„ํš ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ vs. ์‹ค์ œ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜

๊ณ„ํš ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ค€๊ณต์˜์ œ ํ•˜์— ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์› ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์šดํ–‰ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์—…์ฒด๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ์ค€์ˆ˜์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „์ฒด 140๊ฐœ ๋…ธ์„  ์ค‘ ํ‰์ผ ๊ณ„ํš ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์„ ์€ 9๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด์˜ 6.5%์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„ํš ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์€ ํ† ์š”์ผ๊ณผ ์ผ์š”์ผ์—๋„ ์ค€์ˆ˜์œจ 100%์ธ ๋…ธ์„ ์ด 13๊ฐœ ๋…ธ์„  ๋ฐ 25๊ฐœ ๋…ธ์„ ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํš ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณ„ํš ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์†์šด์ „, ๋ฌด์ •์ฐจ ํ†ต๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

5. ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ตœ์ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ชจํ˜•

์ด์šฉ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ข…์  ํฌํ•จ ์™•๋ณต(์ฆ‰, ๊ธฐ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์  ์ง์ „๊นŒ์ง€) ์ด n๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ PIC3BA4.gif(PIC3BB4.gif = 0,1,...,24), ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ PIC3BE4.gif(PIC3BE5.gif = 1....n), PIC3BF6.gif๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ฐจ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜, PIC3C06.gif๋ฅผ ์Šน์ฐจ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, PIC3C07.gif์™€ PIC3C08.gif๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ PIC3C19.gif์˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ PIC3C1A.gif์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ํ•˜์ฐจ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ์Šน์ฐจ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ PIC3C1B.gif์™€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ PIC3C2C.gif๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ PIC3C2D.gif์˜ ์žฌ์ฐจ์ธ์›, PIC3C3D.gif๋Š” Eq. (3)์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

PIC3C3E.gif, ๋‹จ PIC3C6E.gif  (3)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ PIC3C6F.gif๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธฐ์  ์ถœ๋ฐœ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, 6์‹œ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์  ์ถœ๋ฐœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด 5๋Œ€์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 5๋Œ€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์˜ ์Šน์ฐจ์™€ ํ•˜์ฐจ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์›์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ 6์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„๋กœ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์›์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋…ธ์„  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ PIC3C80.gif์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์› PIC3C81.gif์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Eq. (1)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ PIC3C82.gif์˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋…ธ์„  ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC3C92.gif)์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ PIC3C93.gif์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์›๊ณผ ํ˜ผ์žก๋„ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC3CA4.gif (4)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ˜ผ์žก๋„๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋„์‹œํ˜•, ์ขŒ์„ํ˜• ๋“ฑ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC3CA5.gif)์€ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ PIC3CA6.gif๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ PIC3CB7.gif์˜ ๋„๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์šดํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ์ตœ์†Œ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ PIC3CC7.gif์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์‹ Eq. (5)๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

PIC3CD8.gif (5)

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC3CD9.gif)์€ Eqs. (4) and (5)์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC3CDA.gif)์ด ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC3CEB.gif) ๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๊ฐ’์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด Eq. (6)์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

PIC3CEC.gif (6)

์„ ํƒ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์„ ํƒ๋  ์‹œ ์ตœ์†Œ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์šดํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์งง์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ์†Œ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์šดํ–‰์ƒ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์šดํ–‰์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์„ ํƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Œ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •์ˆซ๊ฐ’์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ๋„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์œ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋œ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ ๊ณผ์ •์ด Fig. 2์— ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Fig. 2.

Process of Model Construction

Figure_KSCE_38_01_18_F2.jpg

๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์›์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ Eq. (4)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, BIMS ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ Eq. (5)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์ค‘ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์ ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

6. ๋ชจํ˜•์ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€

6.1 ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์žฌ์ฐจ์ธ์› ๋„์ถœ

๊ฐ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์›์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ ๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋“ฏ์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์› ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ์Šนํ•˜์ฐจ ์ธ์›์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์นด๋“œ ์ •๋ณด์— ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์Šน์ฐจ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜์Šน ํ†ตํ–‰์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฐจ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์žฌํ•œ ํ†ตํ–‰์ด ์•ฝ 70%์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•˜์ฐจ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ์ถ”์ •์ด ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์ฐจ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ์ถ”์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ†ตํ–‰ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ†ตํ–‰์‚ฌ์Šฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•˜์ฐจ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์žฌํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜์ฐจ์ง€์  ์ถ”์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์† ํ†ตํ–‰์ธ ์„ ํƒ‘ ํ†ตํ–‰ ํ•˜์ฐจ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์ด ํ›„ํƒ‘ํ†ตํ–‰ ์Šน์ฐจ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ‘ ํ†ตํ–‰ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ตœ์ข… ํ†ตํ–‰์˜ ํ•˜์ฐจ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ ํ†ตํ–‰ ์Šน์ฐจ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ํ†ตํ–‰ ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ–‰ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ์ถ”์ •๋ฅ ์€ 90%์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ์ •ํ™•๋„๋Š” 70% ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Alsger, 2016). ์ถ”์ •๋œ ํ•˜์ฐจ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ†ตํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ถ”์ •๋œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ๋ณ„ ์Šนํ•˜์ฐจ ์Šน๊ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ฐจ์ง€์ ์ด ์ถ”์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ๊ฒฐ์ธก ๋ฐ ์—๋Ÿฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋กœ ์ œ์™ธ๋œ ํ†ตํ–‰๊ณผ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์Šน์ฐจ์ž ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „์ˆ˜ํ™”๋œ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์› ์‚ฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์šด์†ก์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” 2015๋…„ 6์›” ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์Šน์ฐจ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ BIMS์˜ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์Šน์ฐจ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ๋ณ„ ์Šน์ฐจ์ž ์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•˜์ฐจ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ธ์›์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์€ Visual-Basic for EXCEL๊ณผ Oracle SQL Developer๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

6.2 ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ตœ์ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ

์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ธ์› ์ •๋ณด์™€ ํ˜ผ์žก๋„๋ฅผ 1.0์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋„๋กœ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํŽธ๋žŒ(2013)์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ฐจ๋‚ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€ B์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œํ˜• ๋ฒ„์Šค 31์ธ/๋Œ€, ์ขŒ์„ํ˜• ์ขŒ์„์ˆ˜์ธ 34์ธ/๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 3์— ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค 10๋ฒˆ ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์š”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด 60๋ถ„์ด ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 60๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 3์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ํฐ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์„ ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ตœ์ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 4๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ๋…ธ์„  27๋ฒˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํš ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 27๋ฒˆ ๋…ธ์„ ์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ 22๋Œ€, ์ฒจ๋‘์™€ ๋น„์ฒจ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 6๋ถ„๊ณผ 7๋ถ„, ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ 137๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ์ผ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ 176ํšŒ๋กœ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์ „ ์ฒจ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ํ˜ผ์žก๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ ๋ฐ ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋“ฏ์ด ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์„ ํƒ ์‹œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€ B์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์˜ค์ „ 7์‹œ๋Œ€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€ B๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 28๋Œ€์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 22๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ ํˆฌ์ž…์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋Š” ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์„ ํƒ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ 22๋Œ€์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์†Œ ์™•๋ณต ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๊ณ„ํš ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

Table 3. Route 10: Hourly Demand-based Headway, Cycle time-based Headway and Optimal Headway Table_KSCE_38_01_18_T3.jpg
Table 4. Route 27: Comparison of Hourly Planned and Optimal LOS Table_KSCE_38_01_18_T4.jpg

7. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์‹ค ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚ด ๋ฒ„์Šค ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„ ์šดํ–‰๊ณ„ํš์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์—ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋…ธ์„ ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ์ค€์ˆ˜์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์• ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌ์œ ๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์  ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ • ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์šดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ ์šดํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ 10๋ฒˆ๊ณผ 27๋ฒˆ ๋…ธ์„ ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์นด๋“œ ๋ฐ BIMS (Bus Information Management System)๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ(Big- Data)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•„์š”์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋„์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•„์š” ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ •๋ณด ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ณผ์ •๋„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋„์ถœ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฒ„์Šค ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„ํšํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์šฉํ•  ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์š” ์ถฉ์กฑ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ˜„์‹ค ์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์šดํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉ์ž์™€ ์šด์˜์ž ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํšŒ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋„์ถœ ๋“ฑ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต Big-Data์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

References

1 
Alsger, A., Assemi, B., Mesbah, M. and Ferreira, L. (2016). โ€œValidating and improving public transport originโ€“destination estimation algorithm using smart card fare data.โ€ ELSEVIER, Transportation Research Part C, Vol. 68, pp. 490-509.10.1016/j.trc.2016.05.004Alsger, A., Assemi, B., Mesbah, M. and Ferreira, L. (2016). โ€œValidating and improving public transport originโ€“destination estimation algorithm using smart card fare data.โ€ ELSEVIER, Transportation Research Part C, Vol. 68, pp. 490-509.DOI
2 
Ceder, A. (1981). โ€œPractical methodology for determining dynamic changes in bus travel times.โ€ Transportation Research Record 798, National Academy Press, Washington DC, pp. 18-22.Ceder, A. (1981). โ€œPractical methodology for determining dynamic changes in bus travel times.โ€ Transportation Research Record 798, National Academy Press, Washington DC, pp. 18-22.Google Search
3 
Ceder, A. (2002). โ€œUrban transit scheduling, framework, review and examples.โ€ Journal of Urban Planning and Development, Vol. 128, No. 4, pp. 225-244.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2002)128:4(225)Ceder, A. (2002). โ€œUrban transit scheduling, framework, review and examples.โ€ Journal of Urban Planning and Development, Vol. 128, No. 4, pp. 225-244.DOI
4 
Furth, P. G. and Wilson, N. (1981). โ€œSetting frequencies on bus route: Theory and practice.โ€ Transportation Reserch Record 818, Washington DC, pp. 1-7.Furth, P. G. and Wilson, N. (1981). โ€œSetting frequencies on bus route: Theory and practice.โ€ Transportation Reserch Record 818, Washington DC, pp. 1-7.Google Search
5 
Im, Y. T. and Jang, J. S. (2010). โ€œA study on optimal headway of transit considering route choice.โ€ Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, Vol. 2010, No. 1, pp. 620-625 (in Korean).Im, Y. T. and Jang, J. S. (2010). โ€œA study on optimal headway of transit considering route choice.โ€ Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, Vol. 2010, No. 1, pp. 620-625 (in Korean).Google Search
6 
Jeon, S. W. (2015). A study on optimal bus scheduling and headway based on GA, Masterโ€™s Thesis, University of Seoul (in Korean).Jeon, S. W. (2015). A study on optimal bus scheduling and headway based on GA, Masterโ€™s Thesis, University of Seoul (in Korean).Google Search
7 
Jeong, Y. S. (1997). An analysis of bus travel time and development of optimal bus headway model, Masterโ€™s Thesis, Myongji University (in Korean).Jeong, Y. S. (1997). An analysis of bus travel time and development of optimal bus headway model, Masterโ€™s Thesis, Myongji University (in Korean).Google Search
8 
Kim, W. G., Son, B. S., Chung, J. H. and Lee, J. H. (2008). โ€œDevelopment of real-time optimal bus scheduling models.โ€ Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers D, Vol. 28, No. 5D, pp. 587-595 (in Korean).Kim, W. G., Son, B. S., Chung, J. H. and Lee, J. H. (2008). โ€œDevelopment of real-time optimal bus scheduling models.โ€ Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers D, Vol. 28, No. 5D, pp. 587-595 (in Korean).Google Search
9 
Lee, H. S., Chang, H. H., Kim, Y. C. and Hwang, K. S. (2009). โ€œA development of evaluation index for bus demand-elastic schedule management.โ€ The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 1-13 (in Korean).Lee, H. S., Chang, H. H., Kim, Y. C. and Hwang, K. S. (2009). โ€œA development of evaluation index for bus demand-elastic schedule management.โ€ The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 1-13 (in Korean).Google Search
10 
Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTMA) (2013). Korea Highway Capacity Manual (in Korean).Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTMA) (2013). Korea Highway Capacity Manual (in Korean).Google Search
11 
Newell, G. F. (1971). โ€œDipatching policies for a transportation route.โ€ Transportation Science, Vol. 5, pp. 91-105.10.1287/trsc.5.1.91Newell, G. F. (1971). โ€œDipatching policies for a transportation route.โ€ Transportation Science, Vol. 5, pp. 91-105.DOI
12 
Park, J. S. (2007). Analysis on optimal spacings and efficiency of hierarchical structure for a grid transit network, Ph. D. Dissertation, Seoul University (in Korean).Park, J. S. (2007). Analysis on optimal spacings and efficiency of hierarchical structure for a grid transit network, Ph. D. Dissertation, Seoul University (in Korean).Google Search
13 
Park, M. K. (2015). Improvement of optimal bus scheduling model based on transit smart card data, Masterโ€™s Thesis, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) (in Korean).Park, M. K. (2015). Improvement of optimal bus scheduling model based on transit smart card data, Masterโ€™s Thesis, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) (in Korean).Google Search
14 
Rine, R. (1998). Transit cooperative research program 30, transit scheduling: Basic and advanced manuals, National Academy Press, Washington DC.Rine, R. (1998). Transit cooperative research program 30, transit scheduling: Basic and advanced manuals, National Academy Press, Washington DC.Google Search
15 
Ryu, B. Y., Yang, S. T. and Bae, S. H. (2009). โ€œImprovement of optimal bus headway for intermadal transfer station.โ€ Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers D, Vol. 29, No. 1D, pp. 17-23 (in Korean).Ryu, B. Y., Yang, S. T. and Bae, S. H. (2009). โ€œImprovement of optimal bus headway for intermadal transfer station.โ€ Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers D, Vol. 29, No. 1D, pp. 17-23 (in Korean).Google Search
16 
Vuchic, V. R. (2005). Urban transit: operations, planning and economics, 1.4 scheduling of service, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA.Vuchic, V. R. (2005). Urban transit: operations, planning and economics, 1.4 scheduling of service, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA.Google Search