Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•์‚ฌํšŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ (Korea University)
  2. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•์‚ฌํšŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Korea University)
  3. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•์‚ฌํšŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Korea University)
  4. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•์‚ฌํšŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Korea University )


์•”๋ฐ˜ ํŒŒ์‡„๋Œ€, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€, ๊ด‘ํƒ„์„ฑ ์ธก์ •, ์ ‘์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด‰๋ ฅ, ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ
Rock fracture, Rock joint, Induced polarization, Chargeability, Electrical resistivity

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ์ด๋ก 

  •   2.1 ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน

  •   2.2 ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ์ด๋ก 

  •   2.3 ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„

  •   2.4 ํฌํ™”์ง€๋ฐ˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ์ด๋ก 

  • 3. ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค€๋น„

  •   3.1 ํ† ์กฐ์™€ ์•”์„

  •   3.2 ์ „๊ทน ๋ฐฐ์—ด๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด

  •   3.3 ์ธก์ • ์žฅ๋น„์™€ ์„ค์ •

  •   3.4 ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

  • 4. ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜

  •   4.1 ์•”๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ

  •   4.2 ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜ ์—ผ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜(Type 1)

  •   4.3 ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜(Type 2)

  •   4.4 ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜(Type 3)

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

Schlumberger (1920)๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ์ดํ›„, ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ž์› ํƒ์‚ฌ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์กด์žฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•ด์•ˆ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜ ์นจํˆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Roy and Elliott, 1980; Seara and Granda, 1987). ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํƒ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ ํƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ•œํŽธ, ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๋„๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค(Marshall and Madden, 1959). Fridrikhsberg and Sidorova (1961)์€ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜์–ด ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋„ ๋ถ„๊ทน ํ˜„์ƒ(์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน)์ด, ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ข๊ณ  ๋„“์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ „ํ•˜์˜ ์šด๋ฐ˜์œจ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€ ๋ชจ๋ธ(capillary model)์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Titov et al. (2004)๋Š” ์‚ผ์ƒ์กฐ๊ฑด(porous system)์—์„œ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๊ณผ ํฌํ™”์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ํฌํ™”์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ข์€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ(narrow passageway)๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ถˆํฌํ™” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž…์ž ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ง‰(water film)์ด ์ข์€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž…๋„๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋Š” ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค(Park et al., 2015).

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” Park et al. (2015)์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ์ด๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด ๋„“์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ™ ์ž…์ž ์ง๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ’์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •์ด ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๋„“์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž…์ž ์ง๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ • ์ด๋ก ์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์žฌ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์•”๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ถ•์†Œ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด์ˆ˜ ์นจํˆฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋˜ ๋ฐ”, ํ•ด์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋„ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์•”๊ณผ ์ ํ† ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์—์„œ ์ ํ†  ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์‹คํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ์ด๋ก ์‹์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ์ด๋ก 

2.1 ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน

์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน(time domain IP) ํƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์œ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธก์ •(Fig. 1)ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ(apparent chargeability, PIC69CB.gif)์„ ์‚ฐ์ •(Eq. (1))ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ถ„๊ทน(polarization) ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์œ„์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „์œ„์ฐจ๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด๋„ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ง‘์ ๋œ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜(charged cation)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ „์••(overโ€‘voltage) ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ํƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ „์••์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(Park et al., 2015).

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F1.jpg

Fig. 1. Voltage Decay Curve in Time Domain IP

PIC6AC6.gif (1)

2.2 ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ์ด๋ก 

์ง€๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Park et al. (2015)์€ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ก ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

PIC6C8C.gif (2)

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F2.jpg

Fig. 2. Conceptual Pore Model Inducing Chargeability in Water Saturated Sands

Eq. (2)๋Š” ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์›ํ˜• ํ™ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(Fig. 2), ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ(PIC6CAC.gif)๊ณผ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ, PIC6CDC.gif๊ณผ PIC6CFC.gif๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž…์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์—์„œ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน๊ณผ ๋„“์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, PIC6D4B.gif์™€ PIC6D6B.gif๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์–‘์ด์˜จ๊ณผ ์Œ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์œ ํšจ์ „ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. PIC6DAB.gif๋Š” ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํšจ์œจ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์ž ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. PIC6DCB.gif๋Š” ์ด์ค‘์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜(debye length)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC6E1A.gif (3)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ PIC6E4A.gif๋Š” ์ด์˜จ๊ฐ€(ionic valence)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, PIC6E7A.gifPIC6EE8.gif9.65PIC6F18.gif10PIC6F39.gif C mol-1๋Š” ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋ฐ์ด ์ƒ์ˆ˜(faraday constant)์ด๋‹ค. PIC6F59.gifPIC6F79.gif8.85PIC6FA9.gif10-12 C2/Nm2๋Š” ์œ ์ „์œจ์ƒ์ˆ˜(dielectric constant), PIC6FC9.gif๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ ์ „์œจ(relative permittivity)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. PIC6FE9.gifPIC700A.gif8.31 J mol-1์€ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ƒ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ, PIC702A.gifPIC7069.gif๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์˜จ๋„์ด๋‹ค. PIC708A.gif๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋†๋„(mol/m3)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ„๊ทน ์ˆ˜ ๋‚ด ์–‘์ด์˜จ๊ณผ ์Œ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์œ ํšจ์ „ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, NaCl ์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ PIC70E8.gif๋Š” +1, PIC7109.gif๋Š” -1์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, Eq. (2)๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC7196.gif (4)

๋˜ํ•œ, Fig. 2์—์„œ ํ™ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์„ PIC71B7.gif๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋„“์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC71D7.gif)๋Š” ํ”ผํƒ€๊ณ ๋ผ์Šค ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC71F7.gif)์™€ ํ™ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ(PIC7217.gif)์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC7247.gif (5)

Eqs. (3)~(5)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

PIC7296.gif (6)

2.3 ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„

์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 3). ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ’(PIC72D6.gif)์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ’์ด 0.1๋ฐฐ์—์„œ 3๋ฐฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ(PIC72F6.gif)์„ Eqs. (3)~(5)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ(PIC7307.gif)์œผ๋กœ ์ •๊ทœํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F3.jpg

Fig. 3. Parametric Sensitivity Analysis for the Variables Affecting on Chargeability

๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด Eq. (7)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

PIC7365.gif > PIC7386.gif โ‰ซ PIC73A6.gif > PIC73D6.gif & PIC73F6.gif  (7)

์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC7416.gif)๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์˜ ๋†๋„(PIC7437.gif)๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์Œ๊ทน ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์ „ํ•˜์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–‘์ด์˜จ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ฒจ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ด์ค‘์ธต์ด ์–‘์ด์˜จ์˜ ์ง‘์ ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC7457.gif)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ค‘์ธต์— ์˜ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค(Titov et al., 2002). ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ผ๋„(PIC7487.gif)๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ค‘์ถฉ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Eq. (3) ์ฐธ๊ณ ). ์ด๋Š” Park et al. (2015) ์‹ค๋‚ด์‹คํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋†๋„(salinity)๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ž˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ž…์ž ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ(PIC74A7.gif)์ด๋‚˜ ์˜จ๋„(PIC74C7.gif) ๋ฐ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC7516.gif)๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2.4 ํฌํ™”์ง€๋ฐ˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ์ด๋ก 

ํฌํ™”๋œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์€ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™ ์ž…์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ํฌํ™”์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ™ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„, ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ ์šฉ์•ก์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Santamarina et al., 2001).

PIC7594.gif (8)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, PIC75B5.gif๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„, PIC75D5.gif๋Š” ํ™ ์ž…์ž ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„, PIC75F5.gif๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„, PIC7615.gif์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ , PIC7636.gif๋Š” ํ™ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„์ค‘๋Ÿ‰, PIC7656.gif์€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ๊ฐ€์†๋„, PIC7676.gif์€ ํ™ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PIC7696.gif๋Š” ํ™ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์ด๋‹ค. Eq. (8) ์šฐ๋ณ€์€ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„, ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ํ†  ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ด์ค‘์ธต ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™ ์ž…์ž ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„๋Š” ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ ์šฉ์•ก์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์•„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์ค‘์ธต ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹คํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ ์šฉ์•ก์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•„ ์ด์ค‘์ธต ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ํฌํ™”๋œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC76B7.gif (9)

์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ์—ญ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ Eq. (9)๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PIC76D7.gif (10)

Eq. (10)์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ํฌํ™”์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์€ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค€๋น„

3.1 ํ† ์กฐ์™€ ์•”์„

์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ† ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 4). 1.5 cm ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ๋น„์ „๋„์ฒด์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ์นด๋ณด๋„ค์ดํŠธ ํ† ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘(500 mmร—500 mmร—200 mm (๋‚ด์ธก ํฌ๊ธฐ))ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋†’์ด์—์„œ ์ƒํ•˜๋‹จ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”์„ ํŒŒ์‡„์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•”๋ฐ˜์€ ์‚ฌ์•”(sand stone)(๋น„์ค‘: 2.37~2.45 t/m3, ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„: 123~139 MPa)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŒŒ์‡„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์•”์„ ๋™์ผ ํฌ๊ธฐ(30 mm ร—30 mmร—200 mm)๋กœ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‹จ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•”์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์•”์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํƒ์‚ฌ ์‹ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘๊ป˜๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์•”์„์€ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ๋ฌผ ์†์— ๋‹ด๊ทธ์–ด ํฌํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F4.jpg

Fig. 4. Model Test Apparatus Modelling Rock Fractured Zone Within Intact Rock

3.2 ์ „๊ทน ๋ฐฐ์—ด๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด

์ „๊ทน์€ ์ง๊ฒฝ 5 mm์˜ ์›๊ธฐ๋‘ฅํ˜• ๊ธˆ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ • ์ „์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋„๋ก ์›จ๋„ˆ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์€ ํŒŒ์‡„์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์‡„์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ„๊ทน ๋‚ด ์ ํ†  ๊ฐ€์šฐ์ง€ ์œ ๋ฌด ๋ฐ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋กœ ํฌํ™”๋œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ Type 1 ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ, ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์‡„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ Type 2 ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ํ† ์ธต๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์•”์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ํ† ์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค(Type 3 ์‹คํ—˜)(Table 1).

Type 1~Type 3 ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์กฐ ํ•˜๋‹จ์— 230 mm ๋†’์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์•”์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์•”์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์•” ์œ„์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ Type์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋œ ์‚ฌ์•”, ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•” ๋ฐ ์ ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1. Types of Experimental Condition

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

Variable

Rock

Joint aperture

(with/without clay gouge)

Location of jointed zone, joint aperture

Clay layer thickness

(with/without surface rock) (in multi layered rocks)

Pore water

Tap/sea water

Tap water

Rock (soil) type

Sand stone, clay (gouge or layer)

Electrode array

Wenner (PICF897.gif= 6 cm)

Measured data

Resistivity and chargeability (time domain IP)

3.3 ์ธก์ • ์žฅ๋น„์™€ ์„ค์ •

์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Advanced Geoscience Inc.์‚ฌ์˜ Supersting R8/IP๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ RES/IP๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์€ 5ํšŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ•์†Œ ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์œ ์ž… ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 200 mA๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ „์œ„์˜ ์ธก์ • ์ง€์†์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 2์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Total IP ๊ฐ’์„ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.4 ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

ํ† ์กฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ „๊ทน๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ํ† ์กฐ์— ์ˆ˜๋—๋ฌผ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ์ „๊ทน์„ ์ •์ค‘์•™์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ‰ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ 1 cm ์”ฉ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ทน์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 5). ์ „๊ทน๋ฐฐ์—ด์€ ์ „๊ทน๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC7736.gif)์ด 4, 5, 6 cm์ธ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์›จ๋„ˆ๋ฐฐ์—ด(wenner array)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์€ ์ „๊ทน์ด ์ •์ค‘์•™์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ •๊ทœํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F5.jpg

Fig. 5. Measuring Resistivity by Moving the Electrode for Checking Boundary Effect

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F6.jpg

Fig. 6. Results of Boundary Effect Assessment

๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „๊ทน์ด ํ† ์กฐ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ๋ฆ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 6). ์ „๊ทน ๋ฐฐ์—ด๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ(์ขŒ์ธก)์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ทน์„ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 6 cm ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ด๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน ๋ฐฐ์—ด์— ์ˆ˜์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ทน์„ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 2 cm ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ขŒ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ด๋™์‹œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์— ์ด๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์›จ๋„ˆ๋ฐฐ์—ด ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC7765.gif)์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋”์šฑ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(PIC7795.gif) ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

์ด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๊ทน๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ† ์กฐ ์ •์ค‘์•™์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” PIC77C5.gif=6 cm ์›จ๋„ˆ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋‚ด์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜

4.1 ์•”๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ

์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์•”๋ฐ˜(๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์‡„์•”๋ฐ˜)์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฌผ, ์ ํ† , ์‚ฌ์•”(intact) ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค(Table 2). ์›จ๋„ˆ๋ฐฐ์—ด(PIC77F5.gif=6 cm)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜(tap water)์™€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜(35โ€ฐ ์—ผ๋„) ํฌํ™” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์•”๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ ํ† ๋ณด๋‹ค 9๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ(์ˆ˜๋—๋ฌผ ํฌํ™” ์‹œ) ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC7815.gif)๊ฐ€ ์ ํ† ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋กœ ํฌํ™”๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜ ์—ผ๋ถ„์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋†๋„(PIC7845.gif)๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” Fig. 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ž˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ ํ† ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ (PIC78A4.gif)์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋กœ ํฌํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ(PIC78C4.gif)์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(Eq. (10) ์ฐธ๊ณ ).

Table 2. Characteristics of the Materials Used in Experiments (Water-Saturated Condition)

Water

Clay

Sand stone

Saturated water

Tap water

Sea water

Tap water

Sea water

Tap water

Sea water

Chargeability (mV/V)

Average

1.02

0.45

1.25

0.88

9.71

4.83

Range

0.75 ~ 1.62

0.41 ~ 0.56

0.97 ~ 2.16

0.80 ~ 1.00

4.90 ~ 13.06

3.63 ~ 5.11

Resistivity (โ„ฆm)

Average

61.13

2.23

70.13

10.30

287.02

40.04

Range

59.02 ~ 63.36

1.78 ~ 2.37

66.93 ~ 74.27

9.88 ~ 10.51

183 ~ 349

37.41 ~ 42.00

4.2 ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜ ์—ผ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜(Type 1)

์ด ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋กœ ์•”๋ฐ˜์ด ํฌํ™”๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŒŒ์‡„์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŒŒ์‡„์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์ˆ˜ ์นจํˆฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน ํƒ์‚ฌ(๋ณดํ†ต ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•จ)๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์•”๋ฐ˜ ํŒŒ์‡„์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ ์„ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ๋‚ด ์ ํ†  ๊ฐ€์šฐ์ง€์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ธต ์•”์„(surface rock)์€ 1 cm ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(๋” ๋‘๊บผ์šด ํ‘œ์ธต ์•”์„์€ Type 2 ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค). ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 7์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F7.jpg

Fig. 7. Measured Chargeability and Resistivity by Changing Joint Aperture Size with/without Clay Gouge

๋จผ์ € ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Figs. 7(a) and 7(c)), ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 10.49~13.06 mV/V ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ ์—†์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ํ†  ์ถฉ์ง„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•ด์ˆ˜์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ 2.98~4.35 mV/V ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ ํ†  ๊ฐ€์šฐ์ง€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ ํ†  ๊ฐ€์šฐ์ง€ ์œ ๋ฌด์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ ํ† ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC7904.gif)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค(์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž 4.4์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Type 3 ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค). ์—ผ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋กœ ํฌํ™”๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ ํฌํ™” ์‹œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์˜ ์•ฝ 1/3 ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋†๋„(PIC7934.gif)๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” Fig. 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ž˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(Figs. 7(b) and 7(d)), ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ผ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ ํฌํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋กœ ํฌํ™”๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ(PIC7963.gif)์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹ด์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜ ํฌํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ ํ†  ์ถฉ์ง„ ์‹œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ด์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํฌํ™”๋œ ์ ํ† ์˜ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋‹ด์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค(Table 2 ์ฐธ๊ณ ). ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ์•”๋ฐ˜ ํŒŒ์‡„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

4.3 ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜(Type 2)

์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด(์‹ฌ๋„)๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ์‡„๋Œ€์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ์–น์€ ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด(์‹ฌ๋„)๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋—๋ฌผ ํฌํ™”์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 8). ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•”์€ 1, 2, 3, 6 cm ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 8(a)๋Š” ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜ ๊นŠ์ด๋ณ„ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fig. 8(b)๋Š” ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F8.jpg

Fig. 8. Measured Value by Varying the Location of Fractured Zone

๋จผ์ € ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ๊นŠ์ด๋ณ„ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์•ž์˜ 4.2์ ˆ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์˜ 4.2์ ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC79D2.gif)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์›์ธ์€ 4.4์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Type 3 ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค). ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ๊ฐ์†Œํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 4.2์ ˆ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์ด ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”, ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ  ๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋„ ์ „๊ทน๊ณผ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

4.4 ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜(Type 3)

๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ถ€๋Š” ์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ’ํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ† ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ถ€์˜ ์•”๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์•ž์˜ 4.2, 4.3์ ˆ ์‹คํ—˜(Type1, Type2) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ, ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—†์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ Type 3 ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์•ž์„  ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€์„ค 1. ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน(PIC7A8E.gif)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—(Eq. (7) ์ฐธ๊ณ ), ํ•˜๋ถ€ ํŒŒ์‡„๋Œ€์˜ ์กด์žฌ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•”์ด ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€์„ค 2. ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•” ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•˜๋ถ€ ํŒŒ์‡„๋Œ€์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŒŒ์‡„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ์ ํ† ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋œ ์‚ฌ์•”์ด ํŒŒ์‡„๋Œ€์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์‡„๋Œ€๋„ ์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ํŒŒ์‡„๋Œ€์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•”(์ ˆ๋‹จ๋œ)์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F9.jpg

Fig. 9. Measuring Chargeability and Resistivity of Multi Layer Systems

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ง€์ธต์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธก์ •์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์—์„œ์˜ Type 3 ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์€ ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•” ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ํ† ์ธต์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ํ† ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 9(a)). ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ ํ† ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•” ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ธก์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน(PIC7ACE.gif)์ด ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์˜ณ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ์•”์ด ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ธต์— ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ํ† ์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ํ† ์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค(Fig. 9(b)). ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ด๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F10.jpg

Fig. 10. Measured Resistivity and Chargeability with Increase of the Clay Thickness

Figure_KSCE_36_3_14_F11.jpg

Fig. 11. Measured Chargeability At Each Electrical Current Flow Line

ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•” ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ ํ† ์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Figs. 10(a) and 10(b)), ์ ํ† ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ํ‘œ์ธต์‚ฌ์•”์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์€ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค). ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ Eq. (7)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน(PIC7AFE.gif)์ด ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ ํ† ์ธต์ด ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Fig. 10(c) and 10(d)), ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ํ† ์ธต์ด ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ(current flow line)์—์„œ, ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ ํ† ์ธต ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ํ† ์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ธก์ •์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ๋ฆ„ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์•”์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Type 3 ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์•”๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ƒ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน(PIC7B2E.gif)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(Fig. 11). ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ์•”์ด ์ „๊ทน์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์•”์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ(Fig. 11(a)), ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ํ† ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ ํ†  ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์ ํ† ์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด, ์‚ฌ์•”๊นŒ์ง€ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ํ† ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(Fig. 11(b)). ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ Eq. (7)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC7B6D.gif)๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ž˜ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•”๋ฐ˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„๋ถ„๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „ํ•˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์•”๋ฐ˜ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ถ•์†Œ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜ ์—ผ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ํ† ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ, ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC7C0A.gif)๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์‚ฌ์•”์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ ํ† ์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ† ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•”์„์ด ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(PIC7C59.gif)๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

(2)์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์€ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜์—ญ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌผ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ํ† ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋ฉด ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜์—ญ์— ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ํฐ ์‹ ์„ ์•”์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(3)๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜ ์—ผ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ํƒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋กœ ํฌํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์•”๋ฐ˜ ํŒŒ์‡„ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน(PIC7D83.gif)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํ•ด์ˆ˜ ์นจํˆฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

(4)๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์•”๋ฐ˜ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์•”๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด ์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ(current flow line)์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ƒ์˜ ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน(PIC7DB3.gif)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

(5)๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€์ธต์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ ํƒ์‚ฌ ์‹œ ํƒ์‚ฌ์‹ฌ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€(์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•”๋ฐ˜์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ์ž‘์•„์„œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•”์ข…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜, ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํƒ์‚ฌ์‹ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์•”์ข…์ด ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ถฉ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŒŒ์‡„์ƒํƒœ(๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ฅ  ๋ณ€ํ™”)๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน(PIC7DD3.gif)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ โ€œ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์•• ์ดˆ์žฅ๋Œ€ ํ•ด์ €ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์š”์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: 13๊ฑด์„ค์—ฐ๊ตฌT01)โ€ ๊ณผ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์›์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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