Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ, ํ•œ๋ฐญ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฐ์—…๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์„์‚ฌ ()
  2. ํ•œ๋ฐญ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ()


์ „์‚ฌ์  ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„, ๊ณ„์ธต๋ถ„์„๊ณผ์ •
ERP, Performance Analysis, AHP

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฑด์„ค ์‚ฐ์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™”ยท๋ณต์žกํ™”ยท์ „๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „, ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž ์š”๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž… ๋“ฑ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ

๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ•์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฃผ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์น˜์—ดํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์œค์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด PMIS (Project Management Information System), ๊ฑด์„ค CALS (Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support) ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(PMI 2000, Smith 1990).

๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…๋„ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ์™ธ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด์— ํž˜์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋กœ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ BPR(Business Process Reengineering)์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Davenport 1998, ์†ก์ค€์ˆ˜ 2004).

ERP ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก , ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ERP ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ธก์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค. ERP ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ERP ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ง„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ERP๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฐœ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ ์šฉ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ERP๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฐœ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ K์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ERP ๋„์ž… ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ERP์™€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ERP ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฐœ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ K์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ERP ์—…๋ฌด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„, ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ 5์  ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด ๊ฐœ์„  ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

K์‚ฌ์˜ ERP ๊ตฌ์ถ•์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ERP ๊ตฌ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์ „์‚ฐ์—…๋ฌด ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ERP ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„, ์ž์‚ฐ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌํšŒ๊ณ„, ์ธ์‚ฌ, ์ „๋žต๊ฒฝ์˜, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰(์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰, ๊ฒ€์ˆ˜, ์ •๋น„), ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณต์‚ฌ, ์ž์žฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ K์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ERP๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„, ์ธ์‚ฌ, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ, ์ž์žฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. K์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž… ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์•„์„œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ K์‚ฌ ์‹ค๋ฌด ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฐœ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ERP ์ ์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ERP ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐœ์ฃผ, ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

ERP๋ž€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ํŒ๋งค, ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜, ํšŒ๊ณ„, ์ธ์‚ฌ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํšก๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์›์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค(SAP, 1998). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์—…์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๋น„์ •ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด ์—…๋ฌด๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ต์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํƒ€ ์—…์ข…์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค ERP ๊ตฌ์ถ•์€ ์ €์กฐํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค(์ง„๊ฒฝํ˜ธ, 2000).

ERP์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ERP ๋„์ž…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ERP์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก , ERP ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ERP ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ธก์ • ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Layden(1996)๋Š” ERP ๋„์ž…์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ‹€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์†Œ์˜(2004)์€ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž… ์ „ยทํ›„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž… ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฐ ๋ฒค๋”์˜ ์„ ์ • ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ชฉ๋ก๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด์„ธํ˜ธ(2008)๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด PI(Process Innovation)์™€ ERP๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐํ˜”๊ณ , ํ—ˆ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ(2005)๋Š” POSCO ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ERP ์‹คํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด ERP๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Makus(2000)๋Š” ERP ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ „๋žต์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž…๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น…๋ฑ… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.

์ „๋™์ง„(2002)์€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž…์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ฃผ์š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ธต์˜ ์ง€์›์ •๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ธต์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ดํ•ด๋„, ๋„์ž…๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ช…ํ™•์„ฑ, ์—ญํ• ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ERP ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด์˜ ์ปจ์„คํŒ… ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ์• ํ”„ํ„ฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ํ˜„์—…์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„, ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€์›์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊น€์žฌ์ง„(2000)์€ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ฃผ์š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ์„ ์กฐ์ง ๋ฌธํ™”์ ยท์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ยท๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Grover๊ณผ Goslar(1993)์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ง€์›์€ ERP ๋„์ž…์˜ ๊ณ„ํš, ๋ถ„์„, ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ตœ์ข…์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ERP๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจํ™”, ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง€ํ‘œ ์ •๋ณด ์ทจ๋“, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋Œ€, ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ, ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด ํ™œ์šฉ, ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค(SAP, 1998).

3. ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ์„ค๊ณ„

3.1 ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋…

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ตœ์ข…๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ โ€˜ERP ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„โ€™๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ERP๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„, ์ธ์‚ฌ, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ, ์ž์žฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„, ์ธ์‚ฌ, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ, ์ž์žฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง์›์€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์—…๋ฌด์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ERP ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋งŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๋‹ด๋‹น์—…๋ฌด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

3.2.1 ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ

ERP๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ค‘๋ณต์ž…๋ ฅ ํ•ด์†Œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ERPํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์— ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์งˆ์˜ ์งยท๊ฐ„์ ‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ •๋„๋กœ ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์งˆ์  ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์—…๋ฌด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ถ• ๋“ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ณธ๋ถ€๋ณ„ ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ณธ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํŽธ์„ฑ/๋ฐฐ์ •/์กฐ์ •/์ง‘ํ–‰์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทผํƒœ, ์ถœ์žฅ์„ ESS (Employee Self Service:์‚ฌ์›์ž์œจ์ •๋ณด)๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ค€๊ณต๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์›ํ™”๋œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ž์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋งค/์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2.2 ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ

ERP๋Š” ์ผ์›ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์™€ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™”๋œ ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ๋งค์ถœ, ์ด์ต, ์žฌ๊ณ , ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์ถœ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฒ•์ธ์นด๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์ง€์ถœ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด, ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์‚ฌ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์‚ฌํ˜„ํ™ฉ(๊ณต์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ)์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ž์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ/์ด๋™ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2.3 ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ

ERP๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์›ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€๋„ ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„“์€ ์‹œ์•ผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌดํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์˜ ํŒŒ์•…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์กฐํšŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ESS๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์กฐํšŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์กฐํšŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ž์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์žฌ ์žฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์˜ ์ •์‹œ ์ œ๊ณต ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ƒ์ดํ•จ, ์—…๋ฌด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณต์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์‘๋‹ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.2.4 ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ

ERP ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ธ ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—…๋ฌด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ๊ฒฝ๋น„์˜ ๋ฒ•์ธ์นด๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์ถœ ์—…๋ฌด์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”, ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ ์‹ ์ฒญ/๋ฐœ๊ธ‰์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹ค์ ์„ ์˜ค๋”์˜ ์‹ค์ ๋“ฑ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ™”, ์ž์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์žฌ์˜ˆ์•ฝ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์žฌ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค, ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๋™๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ERP๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ERP์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ๋งŒ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

4.1 ERP์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ ๋ฐ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •

4.1.1 ์—…๋ฌด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์ค‘์š”๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„, ์ธ์‚ฌ, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ, ์ž์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์€ ERP๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ERP ์šด์˜์ง์› 25๋ช… ์ค‘ ์„ค๋ฌธ์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ์ง์›์€ 19๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ต๋ฅ ์€ 76%์ด๋‹ค.

์‘๋‹ต์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ์ด 10%๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ์„ค๋ฌธ ์‘๋‹ต 2๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ERP ์ถ”์ง„ ๋ถ€์„œ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์€ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—…๋ฌด ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ค‘ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1. Weights for Business Processes

Work Division

Weights

Financial Accounting(FA) mgmt.

0.293 

Human Resource(HR) mgmt.

0.218 

Facility/Electrical(FE) mgmt.

0.239 

Materials(M) mgmt.

0.250 

Total

1.000

 

PIC7166.JPG

Fig. 1. Weights Differences between Respondents

4.1.2 ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ณ„ AHP๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋Š” ERP๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์›์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „ ์ง์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 104๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ 77๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ต๋ฅ  74%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‘๋‹ต ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ์ค‘ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ์ด 10%๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 23๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„ค๋ฌธ์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ์ง์›์ด AHP์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ง€์‹์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. AHP ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ ERP๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์›๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ง์›์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Figure 1์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„  ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์ค‘์š”๋„๋Š” ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ERP๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์›๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง์›์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ERP๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์›์€ ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋„์ž…๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง์›์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 2. Final Weights based on AHP

 

FA

(0.293)

HR

(0.218)

FE

(0.239)

M

(0.250)

 Work Efficiency

(0.291)

0.085 

0.063 

0.070

0.073 

Work Transparancy (0.223)

0.065 

0.049 

0.053 

0.056 

Information Sharability (0.200)

0.059 

0.044 

0.048 

0.050 

Use Convenience

(0.286)

0.084 

0.062 

0.068 

0.071

์ด๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋…„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์ง์›์ด 64%์ด๊ณ , ์‘๋‹ต์ž ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‚˜ ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์—…๋ฌด์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ERP ์ถ”์ง„ ์‹œ ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์กฐ์ง ์ „์ฒด ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์–ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4.1.3 ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜

์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์‘๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ AHP๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๊ฐ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋“ค์„ Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„, ์ธ์‚ฌ, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ, ์ž์žฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋Š” ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

์„ค๋ฌธ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋Š” ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4๊ฐœ ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜์™€ 4๊ฐœ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋Š” Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋Š” ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ณ  ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์ด์œค ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋งค์ถœ๊ณผ ์†์ต์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์ธ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.2 ERP ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„  ์„ฑ๊ณผ

4.2.1 ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ

์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์€ ๊ฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋“ฑ๊ฐ„์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜์•„์ฃผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ(1์ )โ€™, โ€˜ํ–ฅ์ƒ(0.75์ )โ€™, โ€˜๋ณดํ†ต(0.5์ )โ€™, โ€˜ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์•ˆ ๋จ(0.25์ )โ€™, โ€˜์•„์ฃผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์•ˆ ๋จ(0์ )โ€™์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ํ›„ Table 2์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„  ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” Table 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Table 3. ERP Effects on Financial & Accounting Mgmt.

 

Weights

Raw Scores

Weighted Scores

Work Efficiency

0.085 

0.792

0.067

Work Transparancy

0.065 

0.917

0.060

Information Sharability

0.059 

0.833

0.049

Use Convenience

0.084 

0.528

0.044

Total

0.293

 

0.220

์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ERP์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—…๋ฌด๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜์ธ 0.917์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ , ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. AHP๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” Table 3์˜ 4์—ด์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 3์—์„œ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋œ โ€˜์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑโ€™ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ด์œ ๋กœ โ€œ๋ฒ•์ธ์นด๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋‚ด์—ญ์„ ์นด๋“œ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก๋ฐ›์•„ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋œ๋‹ค.โ€๊ฐ€ 72%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , โ€œ์ทจํ•ฉ๋œ ๋ฒ•์ธ์นด๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋‚ด์—ญ๊ณผ ์นด๋“œ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋‚ด์—ญ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์†Œ์†์˜ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ†ต๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹คโ€๊ฐ€ 17%๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4.2.2 ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” Table 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 4. ERP Effects on Human Resource Mgmt. 

 

Weights

Raw Scores

Weighted Scores

Work Efficiency

0.063 

0.931

0.059

Work Transparency

0.049 

0.900

0.044

Information Sharability

0.044 

0.900

0.040

Use Convenience

0.062 

0.938

0.058

Total

 

 

0.200

 

Table 5. ERP Effects on Facility/Electrical Mgmt.

 

Weights

Raw Scores

Weighted Scores

Work Efficiency

0.070 

0.591

0.041

Work Transparency

0.053 

0.614

0.033

Information Sharability

0.048 

0.761

0.037

Use Convenience

0.068 

0.477

0.032

Total

 

 

0.143

์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ERP์˜ ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์ด 0.938์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„๋กœ 0.9์  ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ERP ์ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋œ โ€˜์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑโ€™ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ด์œ ๋กœ โ€œ์ธ์‚ฌ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ESS๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ web์ƒ์—์„œ ์žฌ์ง์ฆ๋ช…์„œ, ์›์ฒœ์ง•์ˆ˜์˜์ˆ˜์ฆ์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค.โ€๊ฐ€ 79%์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , โ€œ์ง์›์€ ESS๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•œ ์ œ ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ๋ฅผ web์ƒ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.โ€๊ฐ€ 21%๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑโ€™ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋Š” โ€œ๊ทผํƒœ, ์ถœ์žฅ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒญ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค.โ€๊ฐ€ 60%, โ€œ๊ทผํƒœ, ์ถœ์žฅ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์— ํŒŒ์•… ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€๊ฐ€ 33%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ โ€œ๊ฒฐ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋„ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4.2.3 ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

ERP ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 5์—์„œ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ โ€˜์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒโ€™์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ โ€œํ•ด๋‹น๋ถ„์•ผ ์™ธ์—๋„ ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€์™€ โ€œ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กฐํšŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.โ€๊ฐ€ 36%๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

โ€˜์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ํŽธ์˜์„ฑโ€™ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€œ์ˆ˜(Paper)์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ERP์— ์ด์ค‘ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด 50%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. โ€˜์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑโ€™์€ ๊ฐ๋…์ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ โ€œERP๋„์ž… ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณต์‚ฌํ˜„ํ™ฉ(๊ณต์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ)์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 27%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.2.4 ์ž์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

์ž์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ›„ ์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ž์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ 2๊ฐœ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 6์—์„œ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ต๋œ โ€˜์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑโ€™ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋Š” โ€œํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(ERP)์—์„œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€๊ฐ€ 59%, โ€œ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค/์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ด 18%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ โ€œ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค/์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋„ 18%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 6. ERP Effects on Materials Mgmt.

 

Weights

Raw Scores

Weighted Scores

Work Efficiency

0.073 

0.778

0.057

Work Transparency

0.056 

0.681

0.038

Information Sharability

0.050 

0.681

0.034

Use Convenience

0.071 

0.750

0.053

Total

 

 

0.182

โ€˜์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑโ€™ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ โ€œERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ์ž์žฌ์˜ˆ์•ฝ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์žฌ์ด๋™ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•ด ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ โ€œ์ž์žฌ์ด๋™์ด ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.โ€๊ฐ€ 59%๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๊ณ , โ€œ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ด์ค‘์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ(์„  ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ›„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ด€๋ฆฌ)์ž‘์—…์ด ์—†์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.โ€๋„ 24%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.3 ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ์ ์šฉ ํ›„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ 0.291์  ์ค‘ 0.224์ , ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์€ 0.223์  ์ค‘ 0.174์ , ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ 0.200์  ์ค‘ 0.159์ , ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์€ 0.286์  ์ค‘ 0.188์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Table 7. Overall Impact of ERP Implementation

 

Weights

Score

Achievement Rate (%)

FA

HR

FE

M

Sum

Work Efficiency

0.291

0.067

0.059

0.041

0.057

0.224

77

Work Transparency

0.223

0.060

0.044

0.033

0.038

0.174

78

Information Sharability

0.200

0.049

0.040

0.037

0.034

0.159

80

Use Convenience

0.286

0.044

0.058

0.032

0.053

0.188

66

Total

1.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„, ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ERP์˜ ๋„์ž…๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ž์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ๊ทผํƒœ๊ด€๋ จ ์—…๋ฌด ์ „์‚ฐํ™” ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—…๋ฌด ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง„ ์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋„์ž…์ €ํ•ญ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ €์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ K์‚ฌ์˜ ERP ๋„์ž… ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž… ์‹œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ธ ์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจํ™”, BPR ์‹ค์ฒœ, ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด ํ™œ์šฉ, ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง€ํ‘œ ์ •๋ณด ์ทจ๋“, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€, ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ, ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋‚˜, ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฐœ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ERP ์ ์šฉํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ERP๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฐœ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ K์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ERP ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์—…๋ฌดํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ERP ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง์›๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ƒ์˜ 4๊ฐœ ์—…๋ฌด๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜์™€ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์—…๋ฌด๋ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ณ„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ERP์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์‹œ์„ค/์ „๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์ž์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ AHP๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ERP ๋„์ž… ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ERP ์ ์šฉ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ERP์˜ ๋„์ž… ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ERP ๋„์ž… ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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